Table 1.

Linear model: simulation results of parameter estimations

	Time-dependent Cox model				Proposed PLSI-Cox model
	Bias	SD	SE	CP	Bias	SD	SE	CP
N = 500 with censoring rate 25% (100% converged)
${\beta }_1$	−0.001	0.036	0.035	0.938	−0.001	0.037	0.036	0.952
${\beta }_2$	0.003	0.035	0.035	0.950	0.003	0.035	0.037	0.956
${\beta }_3$	−0.001	0.036	0.035	0.942	−0.001	0.037	0.037	0.948
${\beta }_4$	0.002	0.036	0.035	0.948	0.002	0.036	0.037	0.952
${\beta }_5$	−0.001	0.036	0.035	0.954	−0.002	0.037	0.036	0.958
${\beta }_6$	−0.002	0.035	0.035	0.942	−0.002	0.036	0.037	0.940
${\beta }_7$	0.001	0.036	0.035	0.936	0.001	0.036	0.036	0.942
${\beta }_8$	−0.004	0.037	0.036	0.946	−0.004	0.037	0.037	0.958
${\alpha }_1$	0.000	0.055	0.055	0.944	0.001	0.056	0.056	0.944
${\alpha }_2$	0.000	0.053	0.056	0.964	−0.003	0.053	0.056	0.972
${\alpha }_3$	0.002	0.114	0.111	0.936	0.002	0.114	0.113	0.938
N = 500 with censoring rate 50% (100% converged)
${\beta }_1$	−0.002	0.041	0.043	0.954	−0.002	0.042	0.045	0.954
${\beta }_2$	0.005	0.043	0.043	0.940	0.005	0.045	0.045	0.940
${\beta }_3$	−0.003	0.043	0.043	0.938	−0.004	0.044	0.045	0.948
${\beta }_4$	0.003	0.044	0.043	0.936	0.003	0.045	0.045	0.938
${\beta }_5$	−0.005	0.044	0.043	0.948	−0.006	0.045	0.045	0.946
${\beta }_6$	0.001	0.044	0.043	0.932	0.002	0.045	0.045	0.934
${\beta }_7$	0.002	0.043	0.043	0.952	0.002	0.044	0.045	0.948
${\beta }_8$	−0.003	0.042	0.043	0.942	−0.004	0.043	0.045	0.950
${\alpha }_1$	0.022	0.063	0.068	0.956	0.025	0.063	0.070	0.956
${\alpha }_2$	−0.023	0.066	0.068	0.956	−0.026	0.067	0.070	0.946
${\alpha }_3$	0.015	0.138	0.140	0.958	0.017	0.139	0.142	0.956
N = 300 with censoring rate 25% (100% converged)
${\beta }_1$	−0.002	0.048	0.046	0.954	−0.002	0.049	0.050	0.952
${\beta }_2$	0.000	0.048	0.047	0.950	0.000	0.049	0.050	0.954
${\beta }_3$	−0.003	0.047	0.047	0.950	−0.003	0.049	0.050	0.956
${\beta }_4$	0.005	0.047	0.047	0.934	0.004	0.047	0.050	0.954
${\beta }_5$	−0.004	0.048	0.047	0.938	−0.005	0.048	0.050	0.946
${\beta }_6$	−0.002	0.047	0.047	0.950	−0.001	0.047	0.050	0.956
${\beta }_7$	0.003	0.047	0.047	0.938	0.003	0.048	0.050	0.950
${\beta }_8$	−0.007	0.047	0.047	0.940	−0.007	0.048	0.051	0.948
${\alpha }_1$	0.019	0.070	0.077	0.964	0.023	0.071	0.079	0.968
${\alpha }_2$	−0.015	0.074	0.077	0.952	−0.019	0.075	0.079	0.956
${\alpha }_3$	0.008	0.144	0.151	0.960	0.013	0.146	0.156	0.956
N = 300 with censoring rate 50% (100% converged)
${\beta }_1$	−0.007	0.056	0.056	0.948	−0.007	0.058	0.062	0.952
${\beta }_2$	0.002	0.057	0.057	0.944	0.003	0.059	0.062	0.952
${\beta }_3$	−0.003	0.057	0.056	0.942	−0.002	0.059	0.062	0.950
${\beta }_4$	0.006	0.057	0.057	0.946	0.006	0.058	0.062	0.956
${\beta }_5$	−0.005	0.054	0.057	0.962	−0.005	0.056	0.063	0.972
${\beta }_6$	−0.006	0.060	0.056	0.938	−0.006	0.063	0.063	0.942
${\beta }_7$	0.004	0.054	0.057	0.956	0.006	0.055	0.063	0.974
${\beta }_8$	−0.003	0.058	0.057	0.936	−0.004	0.059	0.062	0.952
${\alpha }_1$	0.043	0.092	0.096	0.944	0.049	0.094	0.100	0.948
${\alpha }_2$	−0.040	0.091	0.096	0.950	−0.045	0.093	0.100	0.948
${\alpha }_3$	−0.001	0.193	0.193	0.950	0.002	0.197	0.202	0.950