. 2024 Dec 19;21:216. doi: 10.1186/s12984-024-01502-x

Table 1.

Physical characteristics of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developing control children (Con)

	CP (n = 14)	Con (n = 14)	d	p
Age (years)	8.7 ± 1.7	8.6 ± 1.9	0.094	0.815
Sex (male/female)	9/5	9/5	–	–
Height (m)	1.30 ± 0.13	1.32 ± 0.11	0.167	0.927
Height (%)	38 ± 34	59 ± 25	0.677	0.073
Body mass (kg)	30.6 ± 7.7	29.7 ± 9.0	0.110	0.520
Body mass (%)	58 ± 30	55 ± 28	0.074	0.846
BMI	18.0 ± 3.4	16.7 ± 2.4	0.469	0.233
BMI (%)	60 ± 34	54 ± 29	0.195	0.370
Arm dominance (right/left)	14/0	14/0	–	–
CP diagnosis (unilateral/bilateral)	3/11	–	–	–
GMFCS level (I/II)	11/3	–	–	–
MACS level (I/II)	4/10	–	–	–
HAT (right arm)	11^a/2^b/0^c/1^d	14^a/0^b/0^c/0^d	–	–
HAT (left arm)	8^a/5^b/0^c/1^d	14^a/0^b/0^c/0^d	–	–

All values are mean ± SD. % represents percentiles for height, body mass, and body mass index (BMI), none of which were significantly different from the age- and sex-based 50th percentiles. Gross motor function indicated by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) rating. Manual ability indicated by Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) rating. Muscle tone abnormality indicated by Hypertonia Assessment Tool (HAT) rating as ^anormal tone, ^bspasticity, ^cdystonia, ^dmixed tone (spasticity and dystonia)