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. 2024 Dec 20;28:0124. doi: 10.34133/bmr.0124

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Copyright © 2024 Boqiong Li et al.

Exclusive licensee Korean Society for Biomaterials, Republic of Korea. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0).

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Fig. 3. — (A) Schematic diagram of preparing exosome-functionalized titanium implant by physical adsorption. (B) Immunofluorescence staining images and quantitative results of M1 marker (iNOS) and M2 marker (Arg-1) of macrophages after culturing on the exosome-functionalized titanium surface for 3 d. (C) Immunofluorescence staining images and quantitative results of OPN, OCN, and RUNX2 of BMSCs after culturing on the exosome-functionalized titanium surface for 21 d. (D) Proposed mechanism of the exosome-functionalized titanium implant promoting osteointegration. (E) 3D reconstructed images of micro-computed tomography scanning and quantification of new bone around the implant after implantation for 8 weeks. Reproduced from [125] with permission from the American Chemical Society.