TABLE 1.

Cohort Demographics

	Overall	Black	White	P value
Number (%)*	377,107	70,301 (18.6)	306,806 (81.4)
Age mean [SD]	60.8 [12.9]	58.0 [12.1]	61.5 [13.0]	<0.001
Male	347,912 (92.3)	61,745 (87.8)	286,167 (93.3)	<0.001
Cancer	7,755 (2.1)	1,535 (2.2)	6,220 (2.0)	0.009
Weight loss	10,141 (2.7)	2,270 (3.2)	7,871 (2.6)	<0.001
Renal failure	6,185 (1.6)	2,617 (3.7)	3,568 (1.2)	<0.001
Congestive heart failure	2,645 (0.7)	565 (0.8)	2,080 (0.7)	<0.001
Dyspnea				<0.001
None	330,746 (87.7)	63,106 (89.8)	267,640 (87.2)
At minimal exertion	42,194 (11.2)	6,445 (9.2)	35,749 (11.7)
At rest	4,167 (1.1)	750 (1.1)	3,417 (1.1)
Admission from				<0.001
Admitted from home	366,018 (97.1)	67,817 (96.5)	298,201 (97.2)
Acute care hospital	4,282 (1.1)	891 (1.3)	3,391 (1.1)
Nursing home	5,635 (1.5)	1,256 (1.8)	4,379 (1.4)
Other	1,172 (0.3)	337 (0.5)	835 (0.3)
Cognitive deterioration	13,657 (3.6)	3,258 (4.6)	10,399 (3.4)	<0.001
Functional status				<0.001
Independent	348,744 (92.5)	63,972 (91.0)	284,722 (92.8)
Partially dependent	22,100 (5.9)	4,713 (6.7)	17,387 (5.7)
Totally dependent	6,263 (1.7)	1,616 (2.3)	4,647 (1.5)
RAI mean [SD]	21.7 [7.4]	20.8 [8.0]	21.9 [7.3]	<0.001
RAI				<0.001
Robust (≤20)	138,068 (36.6)	35,312 (50.2)	102,756 (33.5)
Normal (21–29)	199,125 (52.8)	27,235 (38.7)	171,890 (56.0)
Frail (30–39)	30,669 (8.1)	5,484 (7.8)	25,185 (8.2)
Very frail (≥40)	9,245 (2.5)	2,270 (3.2)	6,975 (2.3)
30-day mortality	4,195 (1.1)	806 (1.1)	3,389 (1.1)	0.350
6-month mortality	13,870 (3.7)	2,617 (3.7)	11,253 (3.7)	0.493
1-year mortality	22,212 (5.9)	3,959 (5.6)	18,253 (5.9)	0.001

^*Percentages are by row, the rest are by column.

RAI indicates Risk Analysis Index; SD, standard deviation.