. 2024 Jul 17;17(6):553–569. doi: 10.1159/000539797

Table 5.

Changes of outcomes for subgroups (ITT)

	Face-to-face group (N = 222)	Videoconference group (N = 66)	Statistics for face-to-face versus videoconference
	Face-to-face group (N = 222)	Videoconference group (N = 66)	ANOVA	Van der Waerden	Differences between MCIDs
Anxiety [GAD-7]
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	6.6 (4.3) [6.1–7.2]	7.0 (4.1) [6.0–8.0]	F_Inter (1, 278) = 0.055, p = 0.815, η_p2 = 0.001	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.800, p = 0.371
∆Mean between T0 and T1, SD	−1.1 (4.3)	−1.5 (4.2)	F_Inter (1, 278) = 0.055, p = 0.815, η_p2 = 0.001	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.800, p = 0.371	U = 7,083.000, p = 0.981
Median_Post [IQR]	6.0 [3.0–9.0]	7.0 [4.0–10.0]
MCID improved, n (%)	554 (24.3)	16 (24.2)	F_Time (1, 278) = 11.092, p <0.001, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.038	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 7.095, p = 0.008
MCID did not change, n (%)	130 (58.6)	40 (60.6)
MCID worsened, n (%)	31 (14.0)	10 (15.2)
Depression [PHQ-9]
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	8.5 (5.0) [7.7–9.2]	8.5 (5.4) [7.1–9.8]	F_Inter (1, 236) = 0.102, p = 0.750, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.001	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.114, p = 0.736
∆Mean between T0 and T1 (SD)	−0.8 (4.6)	−1.0 (4.7)	F_Inter (1, 236) = 0.102, p = 0.750, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.001	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.114, p = 0.736	U = 4,880.500, p = 0.089
Median_Post [IQR]	8.0 [5.0–12.0]	8.0 [4.3–11.8]
MCID improved, n (%)	39 (17.6)	21 (31.8)	F_Time (1, 236) = 7.913, p = 0.005, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.039	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 7.095, p = 0.002
MCID did not change, n (%)	115 (51.8)	34 (51.5)
MCID worsened, n (%)	20 (9.0)	9 (13.6)
Perceived Stress (PSQ20)
(a) Overall Score
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	46.3 (17.3)	46.1 (17.3)	F_Inter (1, 279) = 1.579, p = 0.210, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.011	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.428, p = 0.513
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	[44.0–48.6]	[41.8–50.4]	F_Inter (1, 279) = 1.579, p = 0.210, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.011	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.428, p = 0.513
∆Mean between T0 and T1 (SD)	−4.3 (14.6)	−7.6 (15.3)			MCID not available
Median_Post [IQR]	45.0	48.3	F_Time (1, 279) = 25.381, p <0.001, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.088	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 21.854, p <0.001
Median_Post [IQR]	[36.7–58.3]	[33.3–57.5]	F_Time (1, 279) = 25.381, p <0.001, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.088	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 21.854, p <0.001
(b) Worries
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	46.3 (17.3)	46.1 (17.3)	F_Inter (1, 279) = 0.074, p = 0.785, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.001	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.428, p = 0.513
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	[44.0–48.6]	[41.8–50.4]	F_Inter (1, 279) = 0.074, p = 0.785, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.001	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.428, p = 0.513
∆Mean between T0 and T1 (SD)	−4.3 (14.6)	−7.6 (15.3)			MCID not available
Median_Post [IQR]	45.0	48.3	F_Time (1, 279) = 28.427, p <0.001, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.098	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 14.410, p <0.001
Median_Post [IQR]	[36.7–58.3]	[33.3–57.5]	F_Time (1, 279) = 28.427, p <0.001, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.098	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 14.410, p <0.001
(c) Tension
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	49.0 (19.4)	49.1 (21.5)	F_Inter (1, 279) = 2.998, p = 0.084, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.015	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.959, p = 0.327
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	[46–51.7]	[43.8–54.5]	F_Inter (1, 279) = 2.998, p = 0.084, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.015	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.959, p = 0.327
∆Mean between T0 and T1 (SD)	−4.2 (19.2)	−9.0 (17.9)			MCID not available
Median_Post [IQR]	46.7	53.3	F_Time (1, 279) = 19.192, p < 0.001, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.073	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 18.294, p < 0.001
Median_Post [IQR]	[40.0–60.0]	[33.3–66.7]	F_Time (1, 279) = 19.192, p < 0.001, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.073	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 18.294, p < 0.001
(d) Joy
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	46.5 (19.6)	46.8 (20.0)	F_Inter (1, 279) = 0.497, p = 0.481, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.004	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.090, p = 0.764
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	[43.8–49.1]	[41.8–51.7]	F_Inter (1, 279) = 0.497, p = 0.481, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.004	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.090, p = 0.764
∆Mean between T0 and T1 (SD)	+0.5 (19.1)	+3.4 (21.7)			MCID not available
Median_Post [IQR]	46.7	46.7	F_Time (1, 279) = 0.937, p = 0.334, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.002	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 1.562, p = 0.211
Median_Post [IQR]	[33.3–60.0]	[33.3–60.0]	F_Time (1, 279) = 0.937, p = 0.334, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.002	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 1.562, p = 0.211
(e) Demands
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	40.9 (17.9)	46.8 (20.0)	F_Inter (1, 279) = 1.768, p = 0.185, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.011	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.134, p = 0.714
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	[38.5–43.3]	[41.8–51.7]	F_Inter (1, 279) = 1.768, p = 0.185, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.011	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 0.134, p = 0.714
∆Mean between T0 and T1 (SD)	−4.4 (17.5)	−8.3 (17.3)			MCID not available
Median_Post [IQR]	40.0	46.7	F_Time (1, 279) = 23.597, p <0.001, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.076	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 13.291, p <0.001
Median_Post [IQR]	[26.7–53.3]	[33.3–60.0]	F_Time (1, 279) = 23.597, p <0.001, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.076	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 13.291, p <0.001
Quality of Life [SF-12]
(a) Mental Sum score
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	45.2 (11.0)	44.8 (12.0)	F_Inter (1, 284) = 3.872, p = 0.05, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.016	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 1.207, p = 0.271
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	[43.7–46.7]	[41.8–47.8]
∆Mean between T0 and T1 (SD)	+2.2 (10.9)	+4.2 (10.3)			U = 6,653.000, p = 0.330
Median_Post [IQR]	46.2	45.4
Median_Post [IQR]	[38.6–53.9]	[35.1–55.4]
MCID improved, n (%)	96 (43.2)	34 (51.5)	F_Time (1, 284) = 17.328, p <0.001, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.071	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 8.278, p = 0.004
MCID did not change, n (%)	47 (21.2)	14 (21.2)
MCID worsened, n (%)	78 (35.1)	17 (25.8)
(b) Physical Sum score
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	30.3 (10.7)	29.6 (9.6)	F_Inter (1, 284) = 0.000, p = 0.983, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.008	$χ_{Inter}^{2}$ (1) = 1.939, p = 0.164
Mean_Post (SD) [95% CI]	[28.9–31.7]	[27.2–32.0]
∆Mean between T0 and T1 (SD)	+1.6 (9.9)	+2.0 (8.1)			U = 7,129.500, p = 0.923
Median_Post [IQR]	28.1	28.3
Median_Post [IQR]	[21.5–38.5]	[23.3–36.1]
MCID improved, n (%)	84 (37.8)	28 (42.4)	F_Time (1, 284) = 5.710, p = 0.018, $η_{p}^{2}$ = 0.006	$χ_{Time}^{2}$ (1) = 3.278, p = 0.007
MCID did not change, n (%)	69 (31.1)	19 (28.8)
MCID worsened, n (%)	68 (30.6)	18 (27.3)