Table 2.

Experimental design.

Category	Activity	Exercise content	Exercise time	Exercise frequency	Duration of ciliary muscle intervention
Open motor skills	Basketball	Passing and catching exercises, rebounding, stationary dribbling with high and low movements, stationary dribbling with change of direction toward markers, dribbling in a straight line between markers, two-handed chest pass and catch, and relay shooting off the backboard, among others.	16 weeks in total, with each session lasting 40 min	Three times a week	The experimental group is required to complete 30 sessions of ciliary muscle training with a visual standard presentation duration of 3 s during physical education classes. The control group undergoes regular physical education instruction without the requirement of visual recognition tasks.