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. 2024 Dec 20;15:492. doi: 10.1186/s13287-024-04102-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Mitochondrial Protein Expression Analysis in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. (A) Cellular morphological changes before and after differentiation of GSCs. (B) mRNA expression levels of stemness markers before and after serum induction in GSCs. (C) Schematic diagram of the workflow for mitochondrial proteome analysis using stable isotope labeling in cultured cells. (D) Validation of effective isotope labeling by mass spectrometry analysis. (E) Comparative analysis of differentially expressed proteins in GSCs before and after differentiation