Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants at the baseline survey.
| Characteristic | Infected workers without Long COVID (n = 1298) | Infected workers with Long COVID (n = 248) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 47.6 (9.9) | 47.9 (9.2) | .654 | ||
| Sex (men), n (%) | 796 (61.7) | 138 (55.6) | .088 | ||
| Marital status (married), n (%) | 885 (68.6) | 169 (68.1) | .761 | ||
| Education status, n (%) | .030 | ||||
| Junior high school | 22 (1.7) | 2 (0.8) | |||
| High school | 314 (24.3) | 79 (31.9) | |||
| Vocational school/college, university, graduate school | 955 (74.0) | 167 (67.3) | |||
| Annual equivalent household income (JPY), n (%) | <.001 | ||||
| £2 990 000 | 116 (9.0) | 48 (19.4) | |||
| 3 000 000-4 990 000 | 276 (21.4) | 59 (23.8) | |||
| 5 000 000-6 990 000 | 287 (22.2) | 48 (19.4) | |||
| 7 000 000-8 990 000 | 249 (19.3) | 42 (16.9) | |||
| 9 000 000 | 363 (28.1) | 51 (20.6) | |||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 962 (74.5) | 179 (72.2) | .489 | ||
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m 2 | 22.6 (3.5) | 22.7 (3.5) | .664 | ||
| Alcohol (>4 d/wk), n (%) | 860 (66.6) | 168 (67.7) | .786 | ||
| Sleep (insufficient), n (%) | 735 (56.9) | 122 (49.2) | .029 | ||
| Exercise (>4 d/wk), n (%) | 141 (10.9) | 22 (8.9) | .396 | ||
| Breakfast frequency (>4 d/wk), n (%) | 930 (72.0) | 170 (68.5) | .299 | ||
| Medical history, n (%) | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 50 (3.9) | 15 (6.0) | .165 | ||
| Hypertension | 155 (12.0) | 31 (12.5) | .911 | ||
| Depression | 60 (4.6) | 30 (12.1) | <.001 | ||
| Asthma | 26 (2.0) | 19 (7.7) | <.001 | ||
| Otolaryngological disorders | 48 (3.7) | 24 (9.7) | <.001 | ||
| Dermatosis | 56 (4.3) | 26 (10.5) | <.001 | ||
| Psychological status, n (%) | |||||
| K6 (>10) | 209 (16.2) | 76 (30.6) | <.001 | ||