Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the trial participants at baseline
| Measures | Autism (n = 58) |
No autism (n = 38) |
P-valuea | Autism-oxytocin (n = 20) |
Autism-placebo (n = 24) |
P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ♂:♀ | 46:12 | 30:8 | 0.99 | 18:2 | 21:3 | 0.95 |
| Ageb (mean ± SD) | 9.93 ± 1.26 | 9.79 ± 1.28 | 0.59 | 10.20 ± 1.36 | 9.88 ± 1.26 | 0.47 |
| VIQc (mean ± SD) | 108.78 ± 12.24 | 117.76 ± 15.22 | < 0.01* | 104.25 ± 16.05 | 111.61 ± 16.61 | 0.15 |
| PIQd (mean ± SD) | 104.40 ± 13.77 | 107.76 ± 12.46 | 0.22 | 101.60 ± 13.47 | 103.43 ± 12.01 | 0.64 |
| SRS-2e (mean ± SD) | 88.66 ± 20.97 | 21.03 ± 12.27 | < 0.001* | 88.65 ± 22.53 | 85.63 ± 20.78 | 0.65 |
| ADOS-2f (mean ± SD) | – | – | – | 9.22 ± 3.41 | 9.16 ± 4.13 | 0.96 |
aP-values based on independent, two-sample t-tests or Chi-square tests
bAge expressed in years
cVerbal Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was derived from the subtests Similarities and Vocabulary, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition, Dutch version (WISC-V-NL [86])
dPerformance IQ was derived from the subtests Block Design and Figure Puzzles (WISC-V-NL [86])
eSocial Responsiveness Scale-Children, 2nd edition (SRS-2 [21])
fPrior to randomization, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd edition (ADOS-2 [60]) was administered in the autism group
*Significant difference at p < 0.05 statistical threshold