Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics and AD core biomarkers among groups
| Aβ− NC n = 30 |
Aβ− CI n = 34 |
Aβ+ MCI n = 30 |
Aβ+ AD n = 37 |
p values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 59 (54–65) | 62 (54–67) | 63 (57–71) | 61 (54–67) | 0.161 |
| Sex, F/M, n | 15/15 | 23/11 | 16/14 | 24/13 | 0.395 |
| Education, yr | 6.5 (4.5–10.3) | 5.5 (3–11) | 9 (7.7–14) | 8 (3–11) | 0.055 |
| APOE ε4 carriers | 2 (6.7%) | 3 (8.8%) | 16 (53.3%)a, b | 22 (59.5%)a, b | < 0.001* |
| MMSE | 27.5 (25–29) | 16 (4.5–21)a | 20 (13.3–23.2)a | 11 (4.8–15.5)a, c | < 0.001* |
| CSF biomarkers 1 | |||||
| Aβ42, pg/ml | 670 (482–871) | 479 (297–604) | 283 (237–337)a | 203 (158–246)a, b | < 0.001* |
| Aβ40, ng/ml | 10.3 (6.1–10.3) | 7.2 (3.6–7.2) | 8.6 (5.8–8.6) | 7.8 (3.7–7.8)a | 0.027* |
| Aβ42/Aβ40 |
0.095 (0.077–0.104) |
0.082 (0.071–0.092) |
0.042 (0.036–0.050)a, b |
0.040 (0.035–0.048)a, b |
< 0.001* |
| P-tau, pg/ml | 31 (28–40) | 35 (28–41) | 102 (79–147)a, b | 118 (94–150)a, b | < 0.001* |
| T-tau, pg/ml | 79 (63–99) | 88 (70–117) | 168 (121–255)a, b | 183 (122–238)a, b | < 0.001* |
| Plasma biomarkers 2 | |||||
| Aβ42, pg/ml | 11.9 (8.3–13.7) | 11.1 (7.9–12.1) | 9.1 (7.6–11.1)a | 9.7 (7.8–11.1)a | < 0.001* |
| Aβ40, pg/ml | 179 (155–199) | 188 (163–207) | 177 (163–218) | 191 (162–209) | 0.860 |
| Aβ42/Aβ40 |
0.067 (0.060–0.076) |
0.060 (0.053–0.068) |
0.048 (0.040–0.059)a, b |
0.053 (0.045–0.057)a, b |
< 0.001* |
| P-tau, pg/ml | 2.1 (1.5–2.6) | 1.9 (1.6–2.8) | 5.0 (2.7–7.3)a, b | 6.6 (4.4-8.0)a, b | < 0.001* |
| T-tau, pg/ml | 2.4 (2.0-2.9) | 2.5 (2.0-3.5) | 2.9 (2.4–4.4)a | 2.9 (2.4–3.6) | 0.038* |
Data are median (interquartile range) except sex and APOE ε4 carriers. p values are derived from ANCOVA adjusted for age and sex and chi-square (sex and APOE ε4 carriers). 1In CSF biomarker, Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ42/Aβ40 were missing for six participants in Aβ−NC group, five in Aβ− CI group, one in Aβ+ MCI group, three in Aβ+ AD group; p-tau and t-tau were missing for seven participants in Aβ− NC group, three participant in Aβ−CI group, one participant in Aβ+ MCI group, two participants in Aβ+ AD group. 2In plasma biomarker, Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ42/Aβ40 and p-tau were missing in one participant in Aβ− NC, Aβ− CI, Aβ+ MCI group. *Significant values. Abbreviations: NC, normal cognition; CI; cognitive impairment; F, female; M, male; yr, years; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; P-tau, phosphorylated tau; T-tau, total tau; Aβ42, amyloid-β 42; Aβ40, amyloid-β 40
aSignificant values versus Aβ− NC group
bSignificant values versus Aβ− CI group
cSignificant values versus Aβ+ MCI group