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. 2024 Dec 20;12:262. doi: 10.1186/s40168-024-01980-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Characteristics of shotgun metagenomic sequencing data, and alpha and beta diversity analyses. Boxplot representation of average raw reads, post-quality control (postQC) reads, and microbial reads obtained from dairy and environmental samples (A), boxplot representation of average microbial reads obtained from dairy and environmental samples according to the producer (B), boxplot representation of microbial reads according to the sample type (dairy and environmental) (C), α-diversity indices calculated for dairy and environmental samples (D) and PCoA of β-diversity of dairy and environmental samples (E). Abbreviations: B: brine, C: cheese, CF: commercial feed, FC: food contact surfaces, G: grass, HF: home-made feed, NFC: non-food contact surfaces, R: rennet, RM: raw milk, S: straw, TS: teat skin surface, W: whey