Figure 1.

Overview of the preparation, characterization, and application of GNPs-rPDMS for fetal cell isolation and genetic diagnosis. The red rose petal structure is replicated onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to create reverse PDMS (rPDMS). This surface is further modified with gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) to enhance cell capture efficiency. Fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) are identified through immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The enriched cells are applied for FISH, quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR), Sanger sequencing, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) to enable genetic diagnosis.