Table 1.
Changes in General Sleep and Respiratory Variables with CPAP Treatment
| Variables | Normal control | OSA patients | P& | P&& | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO CPAP | CPAP | ||||
| Age (years) | 50.69 ± 2.15 | 51.35 ± 2.58 | NS | ||
| Sex | 13M, 3F | 16 M, 4 F | |||
| BMI (kg/m²) | 23.47 ± 0.66 | 28.29 ± 0.95 | < 0.001* | ||
| Total sleep time (min) | 397.00±16.68 | 393.90±11.70 | 396.30±11.54 | NS | NS |
| N1 sleep (min) | 37.25 (17.50–66.00) | 47.25 (20.50–100.50) | 31.75 (17.00–91.00) | < 0.01# | NS |
| N2 sleep (min) | 219.10 ± 11.46 | 241.50±10.74 | 212.50±14.00 | < 0.05* | NS |
| N3 sleep (min) | 70.47 ± 4.80 | 47.20±5.96 | 76.20±7.55 | < 0.001* | NS |
| REM sleep (min) | 69.63 ± 4.79 | 54.88±4.25 | 73.23±7.56 | < 0.05* | NS |
| N1 sleep (%) | 9.58±0.70 | 12.25 (6.30–19.60) | 7.95 (4.40–20.10) | < 0.01# | NS |
| N2 sleep (%) | 55.09±1.56 | 61.17±1.84 | 53.70±3.15 | < 0.05* | NS |
| N3 sleep (%) | 17.88±1.10 | 12.32±1.63 | 19.30±1.78 | < 0.001* | NS |
| REM sleep (%) | 17.46±0.92 | 13.82±0.83 | 18.24±1.68 | < 0.05# | NS |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 89.75±1.24 | 80.55±1.75 | 85.15±1.46 | < 0.05* | < 0.05* |
| WASO (min) | 34.47±3.98 | 84.50±9.24 | 59.80±7.07 | < 0.05* | < 0.01* |
| Arousal index | |||||
| N1 sleep | 15.34±1.68 | 33.92±4.94 | 18.83±3.47 | < 0.01* | NS |
| N2 sleep | 17.17±2.01 | 38.80±5.34 | 16.70±2.61 | < 0.0001* | NS |
| N3 sleep | 7.14 (2.68–19.24) | 15.92 (1.01–84.71) | 5.80 (0.00–24.26) | < 0.05# | NS |
| REM sleep | 8.80 (3.69–19.78) | 16.67 (5.38–65.71) | 6.18 (1.40–25.56) | < 0.001# | NS |
| Total sleep | 13.87(4.04–22.57) | 29.50 (1.80–90.30) | 13.10 (1.90–31.00) | < 0.0001# | NS |
| AHI (events/h) | 2.45 (0.40–4.40) | 42.90 (15.2–93.20) | 2.80 (0.00–18.80) | < 0.0001# | NS |
| Minimal SpO2 (%) | 90.00 (86.00–92.00) | 66.00 (53.00–81.00) | 90.00 (73.00–93.00) | < 0.0001# | NS |
| Mean SpO2 (%) | 96.00 (95.00–98.00) | 95.00 (84.00–96.00) | 96.00 (94.00–98.00) | < 0.0001# | NS |
| Time with SpO2<90% (min) | 0.00 (0.00–14.50) | 22.20 (3.70–331.70) | 0.10 (0.00–27.20) | < 0.0001# | NS |
| Duration of apnea (s) | 16.50±2.39 | 27.45±1.35 | 15.30±2.25 | < 0.0001* | NS |
| Duration of hypopnea (s) | 20.56±1.80 | 23.80±1.10 | 18.70±1.52 | < 0.01* | NS |
| PLMI (events/h) | 2.50 (0.00–11.20) | 9.60 (0.80–66.60) | 1.20 (0.00–61.90) | < 0.01# | NS |
| SBI (events/h) | 0.45 (0.00–1.60) | 0.46 (0.19–2.47) | 0.47 (0.13–1.45) | NS | NS |
Notes: #Data with a skewed distribution were presented as median (minimum-maximum) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for comparisons of paired and unpaired samples, respectively. *Normally distributed data were presented as mean ± SEM and paired t-test and Student’s t-test were used for comparisons of paired and unpaired samples, respectively.
Abbreviations: M, male; F: female; AHI, apnea/hypopnea index; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; N1, N2, and N3, non-REM sleep stage 1, 2 and 3; REM, rapid eye movement; PLMI, periodic leg movements index; SBI, sleep bruxism index; WASO, wake after sleep onset. P&, NO CPAP VS CPAP. P&&, Normal control VS CPAP. NS, nonsignificant.