Table 3.
Demographics, Clinical Data, and Treatment Characteristics Between Patients Deceased Due to Pneumonia and Non-Pneumonia Causes, Along with Logistic Regression Analysis of Their Associations
| Variables | Non-pneumonia | Pneumonia | pValue | OR (95% CI) | ORadj(95% CI)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean years (SD) | 71.7(11.86) | 74.35(11.03) | <0.001 | 1.021(1.005–1.036) | 1.04(1.012–1.069) | |
| Gender, Male | 258(47.7%) | 95(52.8%) | 0.237 | - | - | |
| pre-mRS≥2 | 22(4.1%) | 7(3.9%) | 0.916 | - | - | |
| Admission NIHSS score, mean (SD) | 18.99(7.31) | 20.12(8.01) | 0.079 | - | - | |
| Admission ASPECTS, mean (SD) | 7.08(2.00) | 7.16(1.85) | 0.64 | - | - | |
| SBP, mean mmHg (SD) | 146.60(27.16) | 147.01(27.96) | 0.864 | - | - | |
| DBP, mean mmHg (SD) | 85.06 (16.92) | 84.43(18.49) | 0.669 | - | - | |
| FPG, mean mmol/L (SD) | 9.41 (4.39) | 9.86 (3.97) | 0.221 | - | - | |
| Neutrophils, mean 109/L (SD) | 10.21(12.39) | 11.42(15.46) | 0.292 | - | - | |
| Lymphocyte, mean 109/L (SD) | 1.44(1.34) | 1.37(1.52) | 0.568 | - | - | |
| sCr, mean μmol/L (SD) | 89.57(74.09) | 95.71(55.52) | 0.311 | - | - | |
| LDL, mean mmol/L (SD) | 2.89(7.46) | 2.50 (0.92) | 0.535 | - | - | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 166(30.7%) | 64(35.6%) | 0.224 | - | - | |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 141(26.1%) | 53(29.4%) | 0.376 | - | - | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 304(56.2%) | 105(58.3%) | 0.616 | - | - | |
| DM, n (%) | 132(24.4%) | 54(30%) | 0.137 | - | - | |
| Previous ischemic stroke, n (%) | 73(13.5%) | 29(16.1%) | 0.383 | - | - | |
| Previous hemorrhagic stroke | 13(2.4%) | 2(1.1%) | 0.379 | - | - | |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 333(61.6%) | 105(58.3%) | 0.444 | - | - | |
| TOAST classification, n (%) | LAA | 197(36.4%) | 74(41.1%) | 0.785 | - | - |
| Cardioembolism | 328(60.6%) | 103(57.2%) | - | - | ||
| Other etiology | 12(2.2%) | 2(1.1%) | - | - | ||
| UE | 4(0.7%) | 1(0.6%) | - | - | ||
| Wake-up stroke | 89(16.6%) | 32(18%) | 0.679 | - | - | |
| Onset to admission, min (SD) | 262.29 (555.46) | 254.55(243.06) | 0.856 | - | - | |
| Admission to puncture, min (SD) | 120.55(137.23) | 142.72 (267.07) | 0.149 | - | - | |
| Puncture to reperfusion, min (SD) | 105.28 (64.03) | 84.31 (55.11) | <0.001 | 0.994(0.991–0.997) | - | |
| IVT | 166(30.7%) | 39(21.7%) | 0.02 | 1.6(1.074–2.385) | - | |
| Occlusion site, n (%) | MeVO | 41(8.6%) | 29(24.2%) | <0.001 | 0.297(0.175–0.503) | - |
| LVO | 433(91.4%) | 91(75.8%) | - | - | ||
| Tandem occlusion | 74(13.7%) | 23(12.8%) | 0.759 | - | - | |
| pre-ASITN/SIR | good | 19(3.5%) | 1(0.6%) | 0.036 | 6.528(0.868–49.112) | 10.63(1.119–100.977) |
| poor | 521(96.5%) | 179(99.4%) | - | - | ||
| Time from onset to puncture | <6h | 389(71.9%) | 122(67.8%) | 0.291 | - | - |
| ≥6h | 152(28.1%) | 58(32.2%) | - | - | ||
| General anesthesia, n (%) | 273(50.5%) | 93(51.7%) | 0.779 | - | - | |
| *Stenting, n (%) | 62(11.5%) | 24(13.3%) | 0.502 | - | - | |
| Operative time | daytime | 245(45.3%) | 92(51.1%) | 0.175 | - | - |
| nighttime | 296(54.7%) | 88(48.9%) | - | - | ||
| Successful revascularization, n (%) | 399(73.8%) | 154(85.6%) | 0.001 | 2.108(1.334–3.331) | - | |
| Procedural complications, n (%) | 46(8.5%) | 6(3.3%) | 0.02 | 0.37(0.155–0.882) | - | |
| Interventionalist’s experience, mean years (SD) | 4.12 (2.04) | 4.27(1.99) | 0.404 | - | - | |
| Aspiration, n (SD) | 1.44 (1.37) | 1.27(1.19) | 0.097 | - | - | |
| Stent retrievers, n (SD) | 1.54 (1.30) | 1.17 (1.18) | <0.001 | 0.778(0.671–0.902) | - | |
| ICH, n (%) | 227(42%) | 27(15%) | <0.001 | 0.244(0.157–0.38) | - | |
| sICH, n (%) | 204(37.7%) | 16(8.9%) | <0.001 | 0.161(0.094–0.277) | 0.213(0.069–0.661) | |
| Brain herniation | 475(87.8%) | 35(19.4%) | <0.001 | 0.034(0.021–0.053) | 0.047(0.026–0.084) |
Notes: *= extracranial stenting and/or intracranial stenting; adj: Adjusted for age, gender, admission NIHSS score, lymphocyte, hypertension, tandem occlusion, time from onset to puncture, successful revascularization, procedural complications, interventionalist’s experience, ICH, sICH, brain herniation.
Abbreviations: SD, Standard deviation; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; sCr, serum creatinine; LDL, low density lipoprotein; DM, diabetes mellitus; IVT, intravenous thrombolysis; TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment; LAA, Large artery atherosclerosis; UE, Undetermined etiology; LVO, large-vessel occlusions; MeVO, medium-vessel occlusions; ASITN/SIR, American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/ Society of Interventional Radiology; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; sICH, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.