Figure 2.

Bioinks and bioprinting techniques for airway and lung. (a) Various cells for bioinks of airway and lung. (b) Biomaterials for the 3D printing of airway and lung. (c) The representation of bioprinting strategies: Inkjet printers eject small droplets of the bioink sequentially to construct tissues; Laser-assisted printers use a laser to vaporize a region in the donor layer forming a bubble that drives the suspended bioink to fall onto the substrate; Extrusion printers use pneumatics or mechanical pressure to continuously extrude a highly viscous bioink for bioprinting trachea and lung structures. (d) Typical models of airway and lung for modeling and reconstructing by bioprinting.