Table 2.
Multiple combination therapies based on ICI and Lenvatinib
| Other treatments | Research type | Treatment type | ORR | PFS | OS | TRAE | Number of people | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TACE + MWA + lenvatinib + anti-PD-1 antibodies vs. TACE + MWA | A retrospective study | HCC | 21.257 months vs. 11.795 months | 65.52% | 67 | [97] | ||
| HAIC-FOLFOX-lenvatinib-anti-PD-1 antibodies | A retrospective study | HCC with macrovascular invasion(MaVI) | 31.20% | 179 days | no reach | 68.75% | 32 | [98] |
| HAIC-LEN-PD1 vs. LEN-PD1 | A retrospective study | HCC patients exhibiting high-risk characteristics (Vp4, and/or bile duct invasion, and/or tumor occupancy ≥ 50%) | 76.7% vs. 23.0% | 9.6 months vs. 4.9 months | 19.3 months vs. 9.8 months | higher | 164 | [99] |
| HAIC-FOLFOX-lenvatinib-anti-PD-1 antibodies | A retrospective study | uHCC(major portal vein tumor thrombosis (Vp3 and Vp4)) or tumor occupancy exceeding 50% of the liver | 52.7% (RECIST 1.1) 72.5% (mRECIST) | 8.8 months | 14.3 months | 94.50% | 91 | [100] |
| HAIC-Len-ICI vs. Len-ICI | A retrospective study | Intermediate or advanced TACE-refractory HCC | 48.30% vs. 23.80% | 13 months vs. 7.2 months | 24 months vs. 13 months | NA | 121 | [101] |
| HAIC(FOLFOX)-Len-PD1 vs. Len-PD1 | A retrospective study | HCC patients with PVTT | 61.8% vs. 20.8% | 11.5 months vs. 5.5 months | 26.3 months vs. 13.8 months | higher | 142 | [102] |
| HAIC-lenvatinib-anti-PD-1 antibodies | A retrospective study | HCC without HBV reactivation vs. CC with HBV reactivation | 56.1% vs. 32.5% | 6 months vs. 11.3 months | 12.6 months vs. 25 months | lower | 213 | [103] |
| HAIC-lenvatinib-PD-1-inhibitors vs. HAIC-lenvatinib | a retrospective study | Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma refractory to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy | 43.6 months vs. 18.9 months | NA | 145 | [117] | ||
| Lenvatinib, toripalimab plus FOLFOX-HAIC | phase II, single-centre, single-arm trial | 63.90% | 10.4 months | no reach | 36 | [104] | ||
| Lenvatinib, Toripalimab + FOLFOX | HCC with Extrahepatic Metastasis | 43.30% | 8.3 months | 13.7 months | 30 | [105] | ||
| Pembrolizumab-lenvatinib-TACE vs. lenvatinib-TACE | A retrospective study | UHCC | 47.1% vs. 27.8% | 9.2 months vs. 5.5 months | 18.1 months vs. 14.1 months | higher | 142 | [106] |
| PTL + TACE + Lenvatinib vs. TACE + Lenvatinib | A retrospective study | HCC patients with PVTT (portal vein tumor thrombus) types I-IV | NA | 5.4 months vs. 2.7 months | NA | lower | 41 | [107] |
| TACE-lenvatinib-PD-1 inhibitor (TACE-L-P) vs. TACE-TACE-L | A retrospective cohort study | AHCC | 7.3 months vs. 4.0 months | 16.9 months vs. 12.1 months | 81 | [108] | ||
| Lenvatinib-PD-1 inhibitor-TACE | A retrospective study | BCLC stage C HCC | mRECIST: 60% RECIST 1.1: 30% | 8 months | 18.4 months | 93.30% | 30 | [112] |
| TACE-Lenvatinib and Camrelizumab vs. TACE + Lenvatinib | A retrospective study | Unresectable Multiple Nodular and Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma (> 5 cm) | 51.5% vs. 46.9% | 9.4 months vs. 5.9 months | 16.4 months vs. 11.0 months | 33% vs49% | 82 | [113] |
| TACE-lenvatinib -camrelizumab | A single-arm, open-label, multicenter, and prospective study | HCC with portal vein tumor thrombus | 26.10% | 9.3 months | 18.2 months | TRAE ≥ 3: 34.8% | 69 | [114] |
| TACE-PD-1 inhibitors-lenvatinib vs.PD-1 inhibitors-lenvatinib | An observational, retrospective, cohort study | UHCC | 54.3% vs. 25.4% | 10.2 months vs. 7.4 months | 20.5 months vs. 12.6 months | NA | 105 | [115] |
| TACE + LEN + PD-1 vs. LEN + PD-1 | A retrospective case–control study | UHCC | 76.7 vs. 44.9% | 16.2 months vs. 10.2 months | 29.0 months vs. 17.8 months | NA | 118 | [116] |
| TACE- lenvatinib-PD-1 inhibitors vs. TACE + len vs. TACE | A retrospective study | Unresectable recurrent HCC | 70.4% vs. 48.9% vs. 42.5% | 24.1 months vs. 17.3 months vs. 13.7 months | no reach vs. 25.6 months vs. 15.7 months | NA | 204 | [118] |
| PD-1 inhibitors, lenvatinib, TACE (PD-1-Lenv-T) vs. lenvatinib, TACE (Lenv-T) | A retrospective study | unresectable recurrent HCC | 44.4% vs. 20% | 11.7 months vs. 8.5 months | 26.8 months vs. 14.0 months | NA | 65 | [128] |
| TACE-L-P vs. TACE-S (Sorafenib) -P | A retrospective study | HCC with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus | 41.25% vs. 30.59% | 6.3 months vs. 3.2 months | 21.7 months vs. 15.6 months | NA | 165 | [129] |
| TACE-lenvatinib (TACE-L)-PD-1 inhibitor vs (TACE-L) | A retrospective study | uHCC | 54.0% vs. 32.8% | 14.0 months vs. 9.0 months | 24.0 months vs. 15.0 months | NA | 241 | [120] |
| TACE + LEN + PD-1 inhibitor vs. TACE + LEN | A retrospective study | HCC with portal vein tumor thrombus | 38.57% vs. 24.45% | 7.5 months vs. 4.3 months | 23.5 months vs. 18.3 months | NA | 160 | [122] |
| lenvatinib- atezolizumab -bevacizumab | A retrospective study | Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 21.40% | 4.2 months | 8.3 months | 100% | 14 | [125] |
| TACE-lenvatinib-PD-1 inhibitor, and iodine-125 seed brachytherapy vs. TACE + len vs. TACE + len + PD-1 | A retrospective study | HCC with portal vein tumor thrombosis | 13 months vs. 5 months vs. 9 months | 21 months vs. 10 months vs. 14 months | NA | 150 | [127] |