Table 1. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics are divided by with or without major complications.
| Variables | Total | Without major complications |
With major complications |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number | 360 | 312 | 48 | |
| Age, year | 61.0 ± 10.6 | 60.4 ± 10.9 | 64.5 ± 7.6 | 0.013* |
| Sex, female/male | 0.066 | |||
| Female | 187 | 168 | 19 | |
| Male | 173 | 144 | 29 | |
| BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2, n | 45 | 34 | 11 | 0.019* |
| Diabetes | 0.041 | |||
| No | 255 | 227 | 28 | |
| Yes | 105 | 85 | 20 | |
| Hypertension | 0.145 | |||
| No | 250 | 221 | 29 | |
| Yes | 110 | 91 | 19 | |
| Jaundice | 0.664 | |||
| No | 235 | 205 | 30 | |
| Yes | 125 | 107 | 18 | |
| ASA | 0.130 | |||
| 1 | 143 | 128 | 15 | |
| 2 | 183 | 158 | 25 | |
| ≥ 3 | 34 | 26 | 8 | |
| WBC, 109/L | 6.54 (5.20–7.30) | 6.52 (5.04–7.27) | 6.90 (5.92–7.35) | 0.059 |
| RBC, 1012/L | 3.96 (3.79–4.15) | 3.96 (3.79–4.15) | 3.95 (3.78–4.14) | 0.639 |
| PLT, 109/L | 202 (186–212) | 202 (186–215) | 200 (187–207) | 0.151 |
| Hb, g/L | 123 (113–135) | 123 (113–137) | 121 (110–131) | 0.156 |
| Lymphocyte, 109/L | 1.59 (1.22–1.95) | 1.63 (1.24–1.98) | 1.37 (1.08–1.68) | 0.002** |
| Monocyte, 109/L | 0.47 (0.38–0.60) | 0.47 (0.37–0.60) | 0.50 (0.41–0.61) | 0.142 |
| Neutrophil, 109/L | 3.95 (2.93–5.20) | 3.90 (2.78–5.29) | 4.12 (3.63–5.10) | 0.037* |
| NLR | 2.59 (1.84–3.32) | 2.51 (1.73–3.21) | 3.07 (2.43–4.42) | <0.001*** |
| NWR | 0.64 (0.56–0.72) | 0.63 (0.55–0.72) | 0.65 (0.57–0.78) | 0.200 |
| MWR | 0.08 (0.06–0.10) | 0.08 (0.06–0.10) | 0.08 (0.06–0.09) | 0.556 |
| High SIRI, n | 252 | 206 | 46 | <0.001*** |
| ALB ≤ 35 g/L, n | 65 | 51 | 11 | 0.262 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 4.50 (3.90–5.40) | 4.42 (3.90–5.30) | 5.10 (4.46–5.62) | 0.011* |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.72 (1.36–2.08) | 1.63 (1.30–1.91) | 2.09 (1.95–2.27) | <0.001*** |
| Low PNI, n | 172 | 131 | 41 | <0.001*** |
| High TyG-BMI, n | 53 | 37 | 16 | <0.001*** |
| CA199 ≥ 37 U/ml, n | 153 | 126 | 27 | 0.038* |
| VAV, cm3 | 3,587.90 (2,413.52–4,739.48) | 3,415.08 (2,310.62–4,593.01) | 4,238.64 (3,100.14–5,360.96) | 0.004** |
| SAV, cm3 | 3,470.36 (2,400.66–4,512.26) | 3,620.71 (2,400.66–4,818.90) | 2,941.49 (2,379.68–3,885.39) | 0.032* |
| Abdominal wall muscle volume, cm3 | 1,608.5 (1,310.1–1,955.9) | 1,610.5 (1,291.8–1,943.5) | 1,607.0 (1,364.1–1,999.7) | 0.631 |
| Paraspinal muscle volume, cm3 | 1,955.8 (1,618.1–2,456.4) | 1,958.5 (1,613.2–2,471.8) | 1,929.9 (1,647.8–2,386.3) | 0.918 |
| Total muscle volume, cm3 | 3,567.0 (2,860.6–4,360.4) | 3,571.0 (2,844.5–4,356.8) | 3,527.0 (2,946.3–4,406.3) | 0.791 |
| High VAV/SAV, n | 74 | 48 | 26 | <0.001*** |
| Tumor size, (cm, n) | <0.001*** | |||
| <3 | 178 | 165 | 13 | |
| ≥3 | 182 | 147 | 35 | |
| Duration of hospital stay, day | 21.3 ± 9.3 | 19.8 ± 8.2 | 31.2 ± 10.5 | <0.001*** |
| Pancreatic texture, n | ||||
| soft | 256 | 224 | 32 | 0.466 |
| hard | 104 | 88 | 16 | |
| Pancreas duct size, (mm, n) | 0.563 | |||
| ≤3 | 179 | 157 | 22 | |
| >3 | 181 | 155 | 26 | |
| Operative time, min | 300.0 (280.0–320.0) | 300.0 (280.0–320.0) | 305.0 (282.5–327.5) | 0.099 |
| Blood loss, ml | 300.0 (250.0–350.0) | 300.0 (250.0–350.0) | 320.0 (262.5–390.0) | 0.058 |
| Pathology | 0.412 | |||
| PDAC | 204 | 182 | 22 | |
| Adenocarcinoma of ampulla | 53 | 43 | 10 | |
| Duodenal tumor | 37 | 32 | 5 | |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 32 | 25 | 7 | |
| IPMN | 22 | 20 | 2 | |
| Others | 12 | 10 | 2 |
Notes:
*
P < 0.05.
**
P < 0.01.
***
P < 0.001.
BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; PLT, platelet; Hb: hemoglobin; ALB, albumin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TG, triglyceride; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; NWR, neutrophil to white blood cell ratio; MWR, monocyte to white blood cell ratio; SIRI, systemic inflammation response index; PNI, prognosis nutrition index; TyG-BMI, triglyceride glucose-body mass index; VAV, visceral adipose volume; SAV, subcutaneous adipose volume; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous tumor.