Table 11. Summary table describing adverse events, follow-up periods, limitations, and additional comments of studies related to neuromodulation.

DRG: dorsal root ganglion, SCS: spinal cord stimulation, RCT: randomized control trial, ODI: oswerty disability index, MPSS: mainz pain staging system

Author and Year of Publication	Adverse Events	Follow up Period	Limitations	Additional Comments
Bose et al.2018 [18]	None reported	Not clearly stated, pre- and post-procedure and up to 8 months post-procedure.	None stated	No additional comments
Oh et al.2021 [22]	None reported	It is not clearly stated; follow up at three months.	None stated	No additional comments
Poe et al.2019 [23]	None reported	1,2 and 6 weeks	None stated	No additional comments
Skaribas et al.2018 [30]	One case of CSF leak and post-dural puncture headache.	Pre-procedure,1,2,3 and 6 months	None stated	No additional comments
Schwarm et al.2019 [31]	One case of implanted lead infection, one case of dislocated lead that was surgically corrected	Before the implant,6,12 and 24 months.	Retrospective design. Small sample size	MPSS score:3/3 Mainz pain staging system(chronicity)
Buwembo et al.2020 [32]	None reported	Preimplant, post implant, time 1(2.3 months average), time 2(16.5 months average)	Small sample size	ODI-Oswerty Disability Index improved by 40% and 37% at the first and second follow-ups. Quality of life improvement: Short form survey (SF-36), 69% and 80% improvement at first and second follow-up.
Chmiela et al.2020 [34]	One case of infection leading to device removal	Baseline,1,6 and 12 months	Undocumented visits. Chart review data is weaker than an in-person interview	Peripheral nerve stimulator placement: Sciatic nerve (42%), ulnar (14%), median (8%), Radial (8%).
Huygen et al.2018 [36]	One case of implant site infection, six incidents after permanent placement infections, one motor deficit, and one dural puncture.	Baseline,1,3,6, and 12 months.	Small sample size in each grouping	No additional comments
Knife et al. 2020 [37]	None reported	Baseline,3months	Selection bias. Investigators were non-blinded; therefore, data collection bias was not controlled. No placebo control	No additional comments
Risson et al.2018 [39]	None reported	Not clearly stated, over several years, in most cases	Small sample size	No additional comments
Levy et al.2019 [42]	None reported	1,3,6,9 and 12 months	Underpowered study. The study derived from data from another RCT and was not the primary intention of the study. Expectation bias, Accurate RCT (parent study) was unblinded. Unclear effect of habituation after 12 months. Newer SCS techniques not assessed.	At the end of the trial, the responder rate was 89% DRG, and 86% SCS had greater than 50% pain relief from baseline.
Wei et al.2019 [44]	It could not be confirmed	2 to 6 weeks	Only one included article was English, the remainder being Chinese The difference in technique of administering treatment.	No additional comments