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. 2024 Dec 9;15:1466208. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1466208

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Copyright © 2024 Wang, Fan, Wei, Chai, Li, Gao, Liu and Guo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Z-LIG/CGA inhibits LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (A, B) Representative photomicrographs and quantification of immunofluorescence staining of RAW264.7 cells. iNOS positive cells (red) and nuclei (blue) are indicated. (C) Relative mRNA expression of iNOS. (D) Relative mRNA expression of Arg-1. (E) The ratio of relative mRNA expression levels of iNOS and Arg-1. (F) Relative mRNA expression of IL-1β. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5). #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs. Control group. * P< 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Model group. +P < 0.05, ++P < 0.01, +++P < 0.001 vs. ZC group.