Figure 2.

The results of repeated measurements of vital sign parameters. Mean arterial pressure (A), heart rate (B), pulse oxygen saturation (C), and bispectral index (D) within 2 hours post-administration in patients. *P < 0.05 between the Dex and placebo groups; and P < 0.05 between the Dex and Lorazepam groups; #P < 0.05 between the Lorazepam and placebo groups.

Abbreviations: MAP, mean arterial pressure; HR, heart rate; SpO₂, pulse oxygen saturation; BIS, bispectral index; Dex, dexmedetomidine.