Fig. 5.

Retinoic acid function regulates meiotic entry in adult testes. (A-F) Representative confocal z-slices showing dmc1 mRNA expression in adult testes from wild type (A-C) and crabp2a^−/−; crabp2b^−/− double mutants (D-F) using isHCR. dmc1-expressing germ cells (GCs) are labeled in green (A,D). (C,F) Grayscale; nuclei are stained with DAPI in grey (B,E) and blue (A,D). (G) Violin, and box and whisker plot depicting the number of GCs in a gonad expressing dmc1. Each data point represents the total number of GCs in a single dmc1-expressing cluster. Four regions were imaged per gonad and gonads from four adults were imaged for wild type and mutants. An unpaired two-sample Wilcoxon test was performed (*P=0.02). The box represents the interquartile range (IQR) where 50% of the data points are present. The height of the box is inversely proportional to the clustering of the measurements. Outliers are present outside the box and quartiles. The horizontal line in the box plot represents the median. Scale bar: 20 μm.