Table 1.
Results of the baseline feature comparison between the training and validation sets.
| Training set (n = 598) | Validation set (n = 257) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53 (45–63) | 53 (44–60) | 0.104 |
| Gender (% women) | 168 (28.09) | 63 (24.51) | 0.280 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 4.00 (0.15–10.00) | 5.00 (0.42–10.00) | 0.811 |
| Family history of gastrointestinal disorders, n (%) | 30 (5.02) | 12 (4.67) | 0.829 |
| History of gastrointestinal disorders, n (%) | 136 (22.74) | 41 (15.95) | 0.025* |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 230 (38.46) | 113 (43.97) | 0.190 |
| History of alcoholism, n (%) | 191 (31.94) | 92 (35.80) | 0.531 |
| No. of combined oral drugs | 2 (2–4) | 2 (2–4) | 0.328 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.41 ± 14.55 | 134.10 ± 13.91 | 0.118 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.96 (73.41–86.17) | 81.16 (75.97–87.19) | 0.034* |
| HR (bpm) | 82.87 ± 16.96 | 83.50 ± 13.44 | 0.961 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.04 (25.93–30.48) | 28.15 (26.05–30.69) | 0.693 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 7.47 ± 1.86 | 7.44 ± 1.49 | 0.894 |
| FINS (μIU/ml) | 8.70 (4.62–15.21) | 9.77 (5.47–16.16) | 0.350 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.40 (7.30–9.80) | 8.45 (7.38–10.10) | 0.398 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 13.86 (2.10–20.17) | 14.68 (2.27–19.86) | 0.560 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 2.86 (0.24–4.56) | 0.43 (0.23–4.65) | 0.945 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | 1.04 (0.90–1.17) | 0.969 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.58 ± 0.86 | 2.58 ± 0.87 | 0.966 |
| TSH (μIU/ml) | 1.83 (1.29–2.63) | 1.63 (1.24–2.37) | 0.060 |
| FT3 (pmol/L) | 4.65 (4.11–5.08) | 4.62 (4.24–5.10) | 0.361 |
| FT4 (pmol/L) | 18.52 (16.88–20.25) | 18.38 (16.66–20.20) | 0.668 |
| ALT (U/L) | 25.10 (18.50–38.70) | 26.10 (18.30–40.15) | 0.927 |
| AST (U/L) | 18.70 (14.70–24.82) | 19.30 (14.70–25.20) | 0.660 |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 10.70 (8.10–14.62) | 11.30 (8.30–14.20) | 0.619 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 67.00 (58.00–77.00) | 66.00 (57.00–74.50) | 0.214 |
| Urea/Cr (ratio) | 0.08 (0.07–0.10) | 0.08 (0.07–0.10) | 0.866 |
| β2-M (mg/L) | 1.63 (1.47–1.91) | 1.63 (1.44–1.91) | 0.259 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 107.59 (98.07–117.80) | 109.14 (102.03–118.16) | 0.163 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 340.00 (278.00–392.00) | 331.50 (283.00–397.50) | 0.914 |
| RBC (×1012/L) | 4.14 (2.00–5.13) | 4.19 (2.00–5.00) | 0.633 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 6.34 (5.40–7.56) | 6.37 (5.32–7.68) | 0.993 |
| PLT (×109/L) | 221.00 (184.00–262.00) | 214.00 (183.00–252.00) | 0.375 |
Variables are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or percentage.
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; FINS, fasting insulin; HbA1c , glycated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT3 , free triiodothyronine; FT4 , free thyroxine; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Cr, creatinine; Urea/Cr, urea-to-creatinine ratio; β2-M, β2-microglobulin; TBIL, total bilirubin; UA, uric acid; RBC, red blood cell count; WBC, white blood cell count; PLT, platelet count.
*p < 0.05.