Table 3.
Theoretical framework.
| Reference | Theoretical framework utilized (if applicable/reported) |
|---|---|
| Chang et al. (37) | Thomas&Velthouse’s cognitive empowerment model and the reflective empowerment education approach based on Paulo Freire |
| Dirik and Seren Intepeler (24) | Not reported |
| Engström et al. (38) | Not reported (mentioned the theoretical basis, but no specific theoretical framework) |
| MacPhee et al. (23) | workplace empowerment theory |
| Sawyer et al. (29) | Mindfulness, Acceptance, and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT); Post-Traumatic Growth theory |
| Sawyer et al. (40) | Mindfulness, Acceptance, and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT); Post-Traumatic Growth theory |
| Terkamo-Moisio et al. (35) | Not reported |
| Yilmaz and Duygulu (36) | Not reported |
| Özbaş and Tel (27) | Psychodrama theory |
| Xiong et al. (28) | Group psychological counseling theory |
| Cheng et al. (41) | Group psychological counseling theory |