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. 2024 Dec 5;45:496–508. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.11.023

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Preparation and characterization of FPPD. (a) The schematic diagram of the synthesis of FPPD. (b) FT-IR of FP, PPD and FPPD. (c) AFM image of the FPPD. Scale bar, 800 nm. (d) TEM image of the FPPD. Scale bar, 100 nm. (e) Hydrodynamic size distribution of FPPD (pH = 7.4). (f) Hydrodynamic size distribution of FPPD after surface charge inversion (pH = 6.0). (g) The schematic diagram of the surface charge inversion of FPPD. (h) Surface charges of FP, PPD and FPPD at pH = 7.4 (black), pH = 6.0 (red), and pH = 4.6 (blue). (i) Optical images of FPPD in water, PBS, FBS, and DMEM before (left) and after (right) centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 10 min. (j) ESR spectra of •OH captured by DMPO after deionized water (Blank), FP and FPPD treatment. ∗, p < 0.05; ∗∗, p < 0.01; ∗∗∗, p < 0.001.