. 2024 Nov 30;24:102056. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.102056

Table 1.

Effects of different proteases on the concentration of free amino acids and nucleotides in protein hydrolysates of Monetaria moneta.

Taste substance name	Protein hydrolysates of different proteases(g/L)
Taste substance name	Control	Bromelain	Papain	Neutrase	Flavourzyme	Protamex
Asp	0.58 ± 0.01^e	0.68 ± 0.01^c	0.66 ± 0.02^c	0.63 ± 0.02^d	0.89 ± 0.03^a	0.82 ± 0.03^b
Glu	1.94 ± 0.02^e	2.62 ± 0.01^c	2.85 ± 0.04^b	2.46 ± 0.03^d	3.30 ± 0.05^a	2.91 ± 0.04^b
Gly	0.86 ± 0.03^f	1.78 ± 0.02^d	1.85 ± 0.01^c	1.67 ± 0.02^e	1.89 ± 0.02^b	2.11 ± 0.02^a
Thr*	0.76 ± 0.02^e	1.01 ± 0.02^d	1.06 ± 0.01^c	1.14 ± 0.03^b	1.31 ± 0.02^a	0.79 ± 0.03^e
Ala	2.07 ± 0.05^e	3.82 ± 0.01^b	3.73 ± 0.02^c	3.37 ± 0.01^d	3.76 ± 0.02^c	4.33 ± 0.02^a
Pro	0.31 ± 0.01^d	0.36 ± 0.01^c	0.38 ± 0.01^c	0.30 ± 0.01^d	0.61 ± 0.03^a	0.48 ± 0.05^b
Ser	0.42 ± 0.01^d	0.51 ± 0.01^c	0.61 ± 0.02^b	0.81 ± 0.02^a	0.82 ± 0.02^a	0.28 ± 0.02^e
Arg	1.44 ± 0.03^e	2.19 ± 0.01^c	2.32 ± 0.01^b	2.02 ± 0.02^d	2.53 ± 0.02^a	2.34 ± 0.02^b
Tyr	1.14 ± 0.03^a	1.03 ± 0.02^c	0.96 ± 0.02^d	0.63 ± 0.02^e	0.95 ± 0.02^d	1.07 ± 0.03^b
His*	0.28 ± 0.01^c	0.46 ± 0.01^a	0.48 ± 0.01^a	0.43 ± 0.02^b	0.48 ± 0.01^a	0.47 ± 0.01^a
Val*	0.92 ± 0.01^d	1.33 ± 0.02^b	1.31 ± 0.02^b	1.06 ± 0.03^c	1.44 ± 0.02^a	1.34 ± 0.03^b
Met*	0.53 ± 0.02^d	0.88 ± 0.01^a	0.83 ± 0.02^b	0.68 ± 0.02^c	0.89 ± 0.02^a	0.85 ± 0.02^b
Trp*	0.17 ± 0.01^d	0.28 ± 0.01^ab	0.27 ± 0.01^b	0.23 ± 0.02^c	0.30 ± 0.01^a	0.27 ± 0.02^b
Phe*	0.83 ± 0.01^e	1.22 ± 0.01^a	1.11 ± 0.02^c	0.93 ± 0.02^d	1.14 ± 0.01^b	1.14 ± 0.02^b
Ile*	0.85 ± 0.02^e	1.29 ± 0.01^b	1.20 ± 0.01^c	0.91 ± 0.02^d	1.34 ± 0.02^a	1.27 ± 0.02^b
Leu*	1.47 ± 0.02^e	2.57 ± 0.01^a	2.26 ± 0.03^c	1.68 ± 0.02^d	2.48 ± 0.01^b	2.47 ± 0.02^b
Lys*	1.12 ± 0.01^f	1.66 ± 0.01^d	2.04 ± 0.02^b	1.62 ± 0.02^e	2.17 ± 0.02^a	1.89 ± 0.02^c
Asn	0.32 ± 0.01^e	0.41 ± 0.01^d	0.45 ± 0.02^c	0.21 ± 0.01^f	0.57 ± 0.02^a	0.50 ± 0.02^b
Gln	0.25 ± 0.01^e	0.41 ± 0.01^b	0.38 ± 0.01^c	0.32 ± 0.02^d	0.46 ± 0.02^a	0.46 ± 0.01^a
Cys	0.20 ± 0.00^a	0.17 ± 0.01^b	0.17 ± 0.01^b	0.20 ± 0.01^a	0.21 ± 0.02^a	0.21 ± 0.02^a
Cit	0.12 ± 0.01^c	0.17 ± 0.01^b	0.07 ± 0.01^d	0.15 ± 0.03^b	0.23 ± 0.02^a	0.18 ± 0.01^b
Nva	0.05 ± 0.00^d	0.07 ± 0.01^b	0.07 ± 0.01^b	0.11 ± 0.01^a	0.06 ± 0.00^c	0.06 ± 0.01^c
Hyp	0.26 ± 0.01^a	0.13 ± 0.01^d	0.17 ± 0.01^c	0.20 ± 0.03^bc	0.21 ± 0.01^b	0.19 ± 0.01^bc
Sar	0.03 ± 0.00^b	0.02 ± 0.00^b	0.01 ± 0.00^c	0.02 ± 0.00^b	0.04 ± 0.00^a	0.02 ± 0.00^b
FAAs	16.93 ± 0.35^e	25.08 ± 0.26^c	25.22 ± 0.36^c	21.76 ± 2.37^d	28.08 ± 0.42^a	26.47 ± 0.27^b
EAAs	6.94 ± 0.13^d	10.71 ± 0.12^b	10.55 ± 0.15^b	8.67 ± 0.14^c	11.55 ± 0.15^a	10.49 ± 0.16^b
SAAs	2.52 ± 0.02^f	3.30 ± 0.02^d	3.52 ± 0.06^c	3.10 ± 0.05^e	4.18 ± 0.08^a	3.73 ± 0.07^b
UAAs	5.45 ± 0.09^e	8.90 ± 0.05^c	9.09 ± 0.09^c	8.13 ± 0.03^d	9.83 ± 0.12^b	10.18 ± 0.03^a
TAAs	5.85 ± 0.14^f	9.67 ± 0.08^d	9.94 ± 0.09^c	9.31 ± 0.07^e	10.91 ± 0.12^a	10.35 ± 0.11^b
BAAs	7.15 ± 0.13^e	10.45 ± 0.11^b	10.18 ± 0.14^c	7.92 ± 0.17^d	10.90 ± 0.13^a	10.50 ± 0.17^b
AAAs	2.80 ± 0.03^f	3.76 ± 0.03^d	3.99 ± 0.07^c	3.53 ± 0.08^e	4.67 ± 0.09^a	4.21 ± 0.08^b
ATP	0.01 ± 0.00^d	0.14 ± 0.00^a	0.14 ± 0.01^a	0.01 ± 0.00^c	0.02 ± 0.00^b	0.02 ± 0.00^bc
ADP	0.00 ± 0.00^d	0.04 ± 0.00^a	0.05 ± 0.00^a	0.01 ± 0.00^d	0.02 ± 0.00^b	0.01 ± 0.00^c
AMP	2.41 ± 0.10^e	5.03 ± 0.09^d	5.26 ± 0.10^c	4.99 ± 0.06^d	6.02 ± 0.13^a	5.46 ± 0.06^b
IMP	0.20 ± 0.01^e	0.28 ± 0.01^d	0.54 ± 0.03^b	0.37 ± 0.03^c	0.71 ± 0.02^a	0.70 ± 0.02^a
HxR	0.52 ± 0.05^e	0.79 ± 0.05^c	1.14 ± 0.07^a	0.64 ± 0.08^d	1.01 ± 0.04^b	0.98 ± 0.05^b
Hx	0.15 ± 0.01^c	0.44 ± 0.03^a	0.39 ± 0.01^b	0.40 ± 0.01^b	0.42 ± 0.02^ab	0.42 ± 0.02^ab
GMP	0.06 ± 0.01^e	0.08 ± 0.01^d	0.11 ± 0.01^bc	0.10 ± 0.00^c	0.12 ± 0.01^b	0.13 ± 0.01^a
Total nucleotides	3.36 ± 0.12^f	7.03 ± 0.12^d	7.39 ± 0.19^c	6.52 ± 0.09^e	8.32 ± 0.08^a	7.72 ± 0.14^b

Note: The data are expressed in the form of mean ± standard deviations (n = 3). Different letters (a-f) within the same row indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) between mean values. “*” represents essential amino acids; FAA represents total free amino acids; EAA represents total essential amino acids; SAA represents total salty amino acids (sum of Glu and Asp); UAA represents total umami amino acids (sum of Glu, Asp, Gly, and Ala); TAA represents total sweet amino acids (sum of Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Pro, and Arg); BAA represents total bitter amino acids (sum of Lys, Met, Val, Ile, Leu, Tyr, His, and Phe); AAA represents total acids amino acids (sum of Glu, Asp, and His).