TABLE 2.
Descriptive data of Mediterranean lifestyle characteristics in the population studied.
| Total population | Never/rarely siesta frequency | Sometimes/usually siesta frequency | Always siesta frequency | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | ||
| Siesta subjective characteristics | |||||||||
| Siesta frequency (d/wk) | 568 | 4.24 (2.15) | 167 | 1.65 (0.48)a | 241 | 4.20 (1.02)b | 160 | 7.00 (0.00)c | <0.001 |
| Do you usually take siesta during the week? (yes, %) | 507 | 42.40 | 82 | 10.6a | 241 | 100b | 160 | 100b | <0.001 |
| Siesta duration (total week, min) | 479 | 39.97 (26.11) | 88 | 42.36 (24.65) | 232 | 38.60 (24.59) | 156 | 40.55 (29.17) | 0.487 |
| Long siesta (% of population) | 201 | 16.80 | 37 | 4.6a | 94 | 40.5b | 68 | 43.6b | <0.001 |
| Causes or motives of siesta (%) | 0.005 | ||||||||
| Tiredness | 170 | 39.4 | 68 | 40.2a | 64 | 41.3a | 33 | 37.5a | |
| Relax | 187 | 43.3 | 84 | 49.7a | 59 | 38.1a | 33 | 37.5a | |
| Disconnect from work | 27 | 6.3 | 9 | 5.3a | 13 | 8.4a | 4 | 4.5a | |
| Need | 48 | 11.1 | 8 | 4.7a | 19 | 12.3b | 18 | 20.5b | |
| If you could choose between taking siesta or not? (yes, %) | 383 | 59.2 | 154 | 40.6a | 134 | 84.8b | 77 | 86.5b | <0.001 |
| If you could choose the duration, how long would it be? (%) | 0.104 | ||||||||
| <30 min | 153 | 39.4 | 71 | 44.7 | 57 | 42.9 | 22 | 28.2 | |
| 30–60 min | 190 | 49 | 74 | 46.5 | 62 | 46.6 | 43 | 55.1 | |
| >60 min | 45 | 11.6 | 14 | 8.8 | 14 | 10.5 | 13 | 16.7 | |
| If you could not take siesta, how would you feel? (%) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Irritated | 35 | 7.8 | 8 | 4.3a | 12 | 7.5a,b | 11 | 12.8b | |
| Fatigue | 200 | 44.3 | 65 | 35.1a | 86 | 53.8b | 39 | 45.3a,b | |
| No effect | 216 | 47.9 | 112 | 60.5a | 62 | 38.8b | 36 | 41.9b | |
| Associated feelings with siesta | |||||||||
| How do you feel after a siesta if it is short (≤30 min; bad, %) | 77 | 16.2 | 27 | 13.6 | 27 | 16.7 | 19 | 20.7 | 0.302 |
| How do you feel after a siesta if it is long (>30 min; bad, %) | 207 | 46 | 89 | 49.7 | 78 | 48.8 | 32 | 34.8 | 0.046 |
| When you wake up from a siesta, are you hungry? (yes, %) | 187 | 40.4 | 69 | 37.5 | 64 | 39 | 44 | 46.8 | 0.308 |
| What do you feel like eating after a siesta? (%) | 0.032 | ||||||||
| Sweet | 113 | 69.8 | 38 | 66.7a | 43 | 81.1a | 28 | 63.6a | |
| Salty | 11 | 6.8 | 3 | 5.3a | 5 | 9.4a | 1 | 2.3a | |
| Indifferent | 38 | 23.5 | 16 | 28.1a | 5 | 9.4b | 15 | 34.1a | |
| Bed/sofa as place for siesta (%) | 67/273 | 19.7/80.3 | 24/95 | 20.2a,b/79.8a,b | 16/108 | 12.9b/87.1b | 23/58 | 28.4a/71.6a | 0.023 |
| Seasonal siesta (only summer, %) | 104 | 20.2 | 61 | 21.3 | 30 | 21.3 | 9 | 12.2 | 0.192 |
| Nighttime sleep characteristics | |||||||||
| Nighttime sleep onset (hh:mm) | 1203 | 23:54 (00:52) | 786 | 23:51 (00:51) | 221 | 23:58 (00:54) | 154 | 00:00 (00:52) | 0.096 |
| Nighttime sleep offset (hh:mm) | 1200 | 07:28 (00:57) | 785 | 07:27 (00:57) | 219 | 07:30 (00:58) | 154 | 07:36 (00:58) | 0.200 |
| Nighttime sleep duration (hh:mm) | 1200 | 07:34 (01:01) | 785 | 07:35 (01:01) | 219 | 07:32 (01:03) | 154 | 07:36 (00:58) | 0.798 |
| Dietary intake | |||||||||
| 24‐h energy intake (kcal/d) | 1033 | 1973.89 (716.28) | 669 | 1951.05 (731.63) | 203 | 2016.00 (699.13) | 124 | 2020.08 (661.69) | 0.388 |
| Carbohydrate intake (kcal/d) | 961 | 805.83 (356.76) | 622 | 789.46 (351.80) | 188 | 825.66 (385.34) | 119 | 845.03 (344.15) | 0.195 |
| Fat intake (kcal/d) | 957 | 861.46 (401.23) | 620 | 853.93 (411.42) | 186 | 890.64 (394.22) | 119 | 847.69 (358.20) | 0.513 |
| Protein intake (kcal/d) | 961 | 336.80 (132.10) | 622 | 335.66 (136.60) | 188 | 337.78 (120.07) | 119 | 339.46 (119.43) | 0.959 |
| Mediterranean diet score | 989 | 3.43 (1.52) | 642 | 3.40 (1.51) | 195 | 3.48 (1.62) | 116 | 3.53 (1.51) | 0.592 |
| Physical activity | |||||||||
| Physical activity level (Met‐min/wk) | 1137 | 3673.13 (6309.18) | 742 | 3683.25 (6031.33) | 211 | 3543.21 (8258.26) | 148 | 3942.87 (4643.17) | 0.841 |
Note: Values are mean (SD) for numerical variables and percentage for categorical variables for each characteristic in the total sample and in the siesta frequency categories. P value from ANOVA for numerical variables and χ2 test for categorical variables. Bold values indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05); italicized values indicate those with borderline significance (p < 0.1). Superscript letters indicate differences among groups according to Bonferroni post hoc. The Mediterranean diet score ranges from 0 to 9. Given the exploratory nature of these analyses, multiple comparison corrections were not applied.
Abbreviation: Met, metabolic equivalents.