FIGURE 5.

fEV promoted osteogenic differentiation in vitro. ALP expression, calcium nodule formation, and collagen deposition during hBMSC osteogenesis were treated with EV using (a) ALP, (b) ARS and (c) sirius red staining. Scale bar, 400 µm, 100 µm (enlarged). (d, e) Quantitative analysis of the corresponding eluents after ARS and sirius red staining. (f) Osteogenic‐related protein of hBMSC analysed by western blotting (the data in the figures represent the averages ± SD, n = 3 samples per group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).