TABLE 1.

Changes in intestinal flora in a model of hypertension induced by TCM intervention (administered group vs model group).

Related Chinese medicine	Type	Intestinal flora	Changes in the diversity index of intestinal flora	Analysis of the metabolite content of the intestinal flora	Sequencing methods	Bibliography
Baicalin	SHR	Akkermansia↑ Allobaculum↑ Bifidobacterium↑ Lachnospiraceae_NK4B4_group↑ Roseburia↑	—	SCFA↑	16S rDNA	Wu et al. (2019)
Baicalin	Hypertensive mice induced by Ang II	g_Alistipes↑ f_Prevotellaceae↑ g_Anaerot r uncu↑ g_Intestinimonas↑ g_Gemmige↑ f_Coriobacteriaceae↑ g_Lachnospiracea_incertea_sedis↑ o_Actinomycetales↑ g_Butyricicoccus ↑ g_Corynebacterium↑	—	—	16S rDNA	Li M. et al. (2022)
Rhynchophylline	SHR	Firmicutes↓ Bacteroidetes↑ Ruminococcus↓ Oscillospira↓ Ruminococcus↓ Prevotella↑	Chao1↑ Ace↑ Shannon↓	—	16S rDNA	Zhang et al. (2023)
Quercetin	SHR	Firmicutes↓ Bacteroidetes↑	Ace↑ Shannon ↑	—	16S rDNA	Zhou et al. (2020)
Resveratrol		Akkermansia↑ Verrucomicrobia↑	—	—	16S rRNA	Chen et al. (2019)
Curcumin	High-salt diet-induced hypertension in mice	Lactobacillus murinus ↑	—	—	16S rRNA	Han (2021)
Berberine	Patients with essential hypertension	Firmicutes↓ Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group↓ Alistipes↓ Clostridia_UCG_014↓ Ruminococcus↓ Enterococcus↓	—	TMAO↓	16S rDNA	Wang et al. (2024)
DOPS	MH rats	Firmicutes ↓ Desulfobacterota↓ Bacteroidetes↑	OTU↑	SCFA↑	16S rRNA	Li B. et al. (2022)
Essential oils (EOs) from Angelica	SHR	Deferribacteres↓ Proteobacteria↓	—	—	16S rDNA	Shen et al., (2020)
Gegen	High-salt diet-induced hypertension in mice	Clostridium↑ Lachnospiraceae↓ Anaerotruncus↓ Rhodobacter↓ Eubacteriaceae↓ Streptococcus↓	Shannon↑ Simpson ↑		16S rDNA	Li et al. (2020)
Danshen	Hypertensive rats induced by high-salt diet	Prevotellaceae↑	Chao1↑ ACE↑	—	16S rDNA	Qi et al. (2024)
Papaya	SHR	Bacteroides↑ Bacteroidaceae↑ Terrisporobacter↑ Peptostreptococcaceae ↑ Firmicutes↓	—	—	16 S rRNA	Chen et al. (2023)
Dendrobium officinale	MH rats	Firmicutes ↓ norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group↑ Lachnospiraceae↓ Christensenellaceae_R-7_group↓	—	SCFA↑	16S rDNA	Li et al. (2021)
Huangjing	MH rats	Streptococcus↑ Desulfobacterota↓ Desulfovibrio↓ unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae↓ Ruminococcus_torques_group↓ Eubacterium_hallii_group ↓	—	SCFA↑ LPS↓	16 S rRNA	Su et al. (2022)
Duzhong and Cijili	SHR	Actinobacteria↓	PD_whole_tree↑	SCFA↑	16S rDNA	Qi et al. (2019)
Huangqin and Huaihua	SHR	Firmicutes ↓ Bacteroidetes↑ Lactobacillaceae↑ Clostridiales ↓ Bifidobacteriaceae↑	—	—	16 S rRNA	Guan (2020)
Huangqin and Danshen	SHR	Lactobacillus↑ Bifidobacterium↑ Akkermansia_muciniphila ↑ Lactobacillus↑ Lactobacillus reuteri ↑	—	—	16S rDNA	Han et al. (2019)
Sanoshashinto	SHR	Lactobacillus↑	—	—	16S rRNA	Wu et al. (2020)
HuanglianJiedu decoction	SHR	Lactobacillus↑ Firmicutes↓	Simpson↑	—	16S rDNA	Ma et al. (2020)
Xiaochaihu decoction	Hypertensive patient	Enterococcus↓Yeast↓ Enterobacter↓ Bacteroides↑ Lactobacillus↑ Bifidobacter↑	—	—	Japan Mitsuoka contentment method	Wu et al. (2022)
Fufang-Zhenzhu-Tiaozhicapsuledecoction	High-fructose and high-salt (HFS) diet-fed rats	Proteobacteria↑ Verrucomicrobia↑ Fusobacteria↑ Firmicutes↓ Lactobacillus↓ Bifidobacterium↓ Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia↑ Corynebacterium↑ Prevotella↑	—	—	16S rRNA	Chen et al. (2022)
QiangshuJiangya formula	L-NAME induced hypertensive rats	Firmicutes↓ Bacteroidetes↑ Ruminococcus↑	Shannon↑ Simpson↓	—	16S rDNA	Huang (2022)
Erxian decoction	Ovariectomized (OVX) rats	Firmicutes↓ Bacteroidetes↑ Clostridia UCG-014↓ Clostridia vadinBB60 group↓ Ruminococcaceae↓ Muribaculaceae↑ Bacteroides↑ Parabacteroides↑ Prevotellaceae NK3B31group↑	—	TMAO↓	16S rRNA	Hu (2023)
TaohongSiwu decoction	High-salt diet-induced hypertension in mice	Lactobacillus↑ Allobaculum↑	Chao1 ↓ Shannon↑	BA↑	16 S rRNA	Liu et al. (2023)
Qinggan Yishen Qufeng Compound	Hypertensive mice induced by Ang II	Firmicutes↓ Deferribacteres↓ Acidobacteria↓ Actinobacteria↓ Bacteroidetes↑	Chao1↑ Simpson↑	BA↑	16S rDNA	Zhen (2020)
Zhengan Xifeng decoction	SHR	Proteobacteria ↓ Turicibacter↓ Coprococuus↑ Clostridium↑ Lactobacillus↓ Ruminococcus↑	OTU↓ Shannon↓ Simpson↑	—	16S rDNA	Yu et al. (2019), Xu et al. (2022)
Chaigui decoction	High-salt diet-induced hypertension in mice	Bacteroidia↑ Clostridia↓	—	—	16S rRNA	Zhu et al. (2023a)
Chaigui decoction	SHR	unclassified_f__S24-7↑	—	—	16S rRNA	Zhu et al. (2023b)
Medicine and food homologous Chinese medicine formula	(2K1C) Hypertension rats	Firmicutes↓ Bacteroidetes↑ Lactobacillus↑ Blautia↑ Romboutsia↑ Enterococuus↓	ACE↑ Shannon↑ Simpson ↓	BA↑	16S rDNA	Guo et al. (2023)
Jiawei BanxiaBaizhu Tianma decoction	MH rats	Streptococcus↑ Desulfobacter↓ Desulfovibrio↓	—	SCFA↑ LPS↓	16S rRNA	Wu et al. (2024)
Tianma-Gouteng granules	SHR	Desulfovibrio↑, Lachnoclostridium↑ Turicibacter↑ Alluobaculum↓ Monoglobus↓	Shannon ↓ Simpson↑	BA↑	16 S rRNA	Yu et al. (2024)