Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients who underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy, n (%)
|
Variables
|
Total (n = 804)
|
Red blood cell distribution width
|
P value
|
|
|
< 15.4 (n = 573)
|
≥ 15.4 (n = 231)
|
|||
| Age, years | ||||
| < 65 | 478 (59.5) | 353 (61.6) | 125 (54.1) | 0.050 |
| ≥ 65 | 326 (40.5) | 220 (38.4) | 106 (45.9) | |
| Sex | 0.325 | |||
| Male | 529 (65.8) | 383 (66.8) | 146 (63.2) | |
| Female | 275 (34.2) | 190 (33.2) | 85 (36.8) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||
| < 25 | 500 (62.2) | 341 (59.5) | 159 (68.8) | 0.014 |
| ≥ 25 | 304 (37.8) | 232 (40.5) | 72 (31.2) | |
| Drinking | 0.489 | |||
| No | 553 (68.8) | 390 (68.1) | 163 (70.6) | |
| Yes | 251 (31.2) | 183 (31.9) | 68 (29.4) | |
| Smoking | 0.983 | |||
| No | 526 (65.4) | 375 (65.4) | 151 (65.4) | |
| Yes | 278 (34.6) | 198 (34.6) | 80 (34.6) | |
| ECOG score | 0.029 | |||
| 0-1 | 734 (91.3) | 531 (92.7) | 203 (87.9) | |
| 2 | 70 (8.7) | 42 (7.3) | 28 (12.1) | |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension | 218 (27.1) | 156 (27.2) | 62 (26.8) | 0.911 |
| Pancreatitis | 65 (8.1) | 52 (9.1) | 13 (5.6) | 0.105 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 157(19.5) | 119 (20.8) | 38 (16.5) | 0.162 |
| Upper-abdominal operation history | 0.717 | |||
| No | 759 (94.4) | 542 (94.6) | 217 (93.9) | |
| Yes | 45 (5.6) | 31 (5.4) | 14 (6.1) | |
| Preoperative biliary drainage | 0.009 | |||
| No | 682 (84.8) | 498 (86.9) | 184 (79.7) | |
| Yes | 122 (15.2) | 75 (13.1) | 47 (20.3) | |
| Pathology | < 0.001 | |||
| Malignant tumor | 618 (76.9) | 414 (72.3) | 204 (88.3) | |
| Benign tumor | 186 (23.1) | 159 (27.7) | 27 (11.7) | |
| ASA physical status | 0.083 | |||
| II | 514 (63.9) | 377 (65.8) | 137 (59.3) | |
| III | 290 (36.1) | 196 (34.2) | 94 (40.7) | |
| ALT, U/L, mean ± SD | 134.91 ± 144.16 | 122.26 ± 134.32 | 166.31 ± 162.17 | < 0.001 |
| < 40 | 257 (32.0) | 214 (37.3) | 43 (18.6) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 40 | 547 (68.0) | 359 (62.7) | 188 (81.4) | |
| AST, U/L, mean ± SD | 104.40 ± 134.09 | 92.11 ± 128.77 | 134.89 ± 142.22 | < 0.001 |
| < 35 | 549 (68.3) | 349 (60.9) | 31 (13.4) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 35 | 255 (31.7) | 224 (39.1) | 200 (86.6) | |
| ALP, U/L, mean ± SD | 345.49 ± 305.36 | 287.75 ± 263.95 | 488.72 ± 351.25 | < 0.001 |
| < 140 | 268 (33.3) | 239 (41.7) | 29 (12.6) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 140 | 536 (66.7) | 334 (58.3) | 202 (87.4) | |
| GGT, U/L, mean ± SD | 511.57 ± 559.77 | 115.90 ± 529.70 | 667.70 ± 601.57 | < 0.001 |
| < 54 | 217 (27.0) | 195 (34.0) | 22 (9.5) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 54 | 587 (73.0) | 378 (66.0) | 209 (90.5) | |
| TBIL, μmol/L, mean ± SD | 125.95 ± 141.75 | 87.95 ± 109.20 | 220.19 ± 167.27 | < 0.001 |
| < 235.0 | 547 (68.0) | 449 (78.4) | 98 (42.4) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 235.0 | 257 (32.0) | 124 (21.6) | 133 (57.6) | |
| Albumin, g/L, mean ± SD | 39.55 ± 5.65 | 40.74 ± 5.28 | 36.60 ± 5.47 | < 0.001 |
| < 35 | 152 (18.9) | 60 (10.5) | 92 (39.8) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 35 | 652 (81.1) | 513 (89.5) | 139 (60.2) | |
| CRP, mg/L, mean ± SD | 12.72 ± 21.03 | 12.14 ± 21.65 | 14.14 ± 19.39 | < 0.001 |
| < 10 | 564 (70.1) | 425 (74.2) | 139 (60.2) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 10 | 240 (29.9) | 148 (25.8) | 92 (39.8) | |
| PT, second, mean ± SD | 12.32 ± 1.39 | 12.26 ± 1.32 | 12.47 ± 1.54 | 0.105 |
| < 14 | 730 (90.8) | 523 (91.3) | 207 (89.6) | 0.460 |
| ≥ 14 | 74 (9.2) | 50 (8.7) | 24 (10.4) | |
| Hemoglobin, g/L, mean ± SD | 126.52 ± 18.88 | 131.65 ± 16.46 | 113.80 ± 18.49 | < 0.001 |
| < 115 | 192 (23.9) | 79 (13.8) | 113 (48.9) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 115 | 612 (76.1) | 494 (86.2) | 118 (51.1) | |
| Leucocytes, 109/L, mean ± SD | 6.37 ± 2.64 | 6.13 ± 2.43 | 6.96 ± 3.03 | < 0.001 |
| < 9.5 | 722 (89.8) | 521 (90.9) | 201 (87.0) | |
| ≥ 9.5 | 82 (10.2) | 52 (9.1) | 30 (13.0) | 0.097 |
| Lymphocyte, 109/L, mean ± SD | 1.55 ± 0.60 | 1.64 ± 0.59 | 1.33 ± 0.57 | < 0.001 |
| < 3.2 | 797 (99.1) | 567 (99.0) | 230 (99.6) | 0.680 (F) |
| ≥ 3.2 | 7 (0.9) | 6 (1.0) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Platelet, 109/L, mean ± SD | 258.893 ± 88.76 | 249.92 ± 75.82 | 281.27 ± 111.84 | < 0.001 |
| < 350 | 698 (86.8) | 518 (90.4) | 180 (77.9) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 350 | 106 (13.2) | 55 (9.6) | 51 (22.1) | |
| NLR, mean ± SD | 3.23 ± 2.94 | 2.70 ± 2.46 | 4.54 ± 3.56 | < 0.001 |
| PLR, mean ± SD | 197.51 ± 101.20 | 187.46 ± 95.80 | 222.45 ± 109.82 | < 0.001 |
| PNI, mean ± SD | 46.94 ± 6.766 | 48.26 ± 6.35 | 43.69 ± 6.64 | < 0.001 |
ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; TBIL: Total bilirubin; CRP: C-reactive protein; PT: Prothrombin time; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PNI: Prognostic nutritional index.