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. 2024 Dec 23;24:416. doi: 10.1186/s12893-024-02697-5

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Algorithm for duration of urinary catheterization. A total of 113 cases were collected, but after excluding those with concomitant resection of other organs, urethral-related urological procedures, and catheter removal after POD6 for no particular reason (n = 13), 100 cases were included in the study. A total of 74 cases (74.0%) were catheter-free within five days, including one that had the catheter reinserted due to urinary dysfunction, but was removed immediately (≤ POD5). Of the 26 patients with long-term urinary catheterization, 25 underwent initial reinsertion and 12 underwent a second reinsertion, of which 5 patients (5.0%) were switched to clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC)