Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants according to frailty status

Variable	Total	Non-frailty	Frailty	P value
Number(N)	5279	3443	1836
Age (year)	60.53 ± 0.29	60.32 ± 0.35	61.02 ± 0.47	0.220
Sex, n (%)				< 0.001
Female	2677(52.86)	1630(48.81)	1047(61.90)
Male	2602(47.14)	1813(51.19)	789(38.10)
Race, n (%)				< 0.001
Non-Hispanic Black	1007( 8.46)	617( 7.16)	390(11.37)
Non-Hispanic White	2676(76.94)	1744(79.03)	932(72.28)
Mexican American	615( 4.73)	419(4.68)	196(4.83)
Others	981( 9.87)	663( 9.13)	318(11.52)
Education level, n (%)				< 0.001
Less than high school	2276(35.20)	1340(30.75)	936(45.14)
college or above	2505(56.77)	1777(61.51)	728(46.18)
high school	498( 8.03)	326(7.74)	172(8.68)
Marital, n (%)				< 0.001
Married	2799(57.84)	1949(61.36)	850(49.97)
Separated	1955(32.24)	1144(28.26)	811(41.15)
Unmarried	525( 9.92)	350(10.38)	175( 8.87)
Scr, mg/dL	0.93 ± 0.01	0.89 ± 0.00	0.99 ± 0.02	< 0.001
UA, mg/dL	5.50(4.60,6.50)	5.50(4.60,6.40)	5.60(4.60,6.70)	0.031
Family of poverty ratio, n (%)				< 0.001
< 1.3	1782(23.21)	942(17.33)	840(36.34)
1.3–3.5	2058(37.29)	1359(36.33)	699(39.43)
> 3.5	1439(39.51)	1142(46.34)	297(24.23)
Smoking status, n (%)				< 0.001
never	2461(46.21)	1706(49.61)	755(38.60)
former	1787(34.64)	1191(35.45)	596(32.83)
current	1031(19.15)	546(14.94)	485(28.57)
Alcohol status, n (%)				< 0.001
never	820(12.02)	526(11.59)	294(12.98)
former	1159(18.52)	639(15.04)	520(26.30)
mild	1968(41.54)	1410(45.40)	558(32.92)
moderate	638(14.03)	443(14.66)	195(12.61)
heavy	694(13.90)	425(13.32)	269(15.20)

Mean ± standard error (SE) for continuous variables, Percentage (%) for categorical variables

Scr Serum creatinine, UA uric acid