Table 1. Family relationships of dominant males and top-ranked subordinate males within groups.

					Siblings?
Original group	Dominant male	Second-ranking male(s)	Estimated R	Father–son?	Maternal	Paternal
Beetsme's	Beetsme	Titus	–0.07	No	No	Unknown
Group 5	Ziz	Pablo	0.18	No	No	Possibly
Pablo's	Pablo	Cantsbee	0.41	No	No	Probably*
Shinda's	Shinda	Amahoro	0.01	No	No	Possibly
		Ntambara	–0.42	No	No	Possibly

Genotypes were compared to determine whether dyads represented possible father–son pairs. Observational data indicated whether pairs shared a mother or possibly a father.

^*The only pair here estimated as significantly (P < 0.05) more likely to represent half-siblings than nonrelatives using kinship