TABLE 3.

List of Simulation Modalities Adapted From the Health Care Simulation Dictionary²¹

Simulation Modality	Description
Simulated/standardized patients/participants	A person who has been coached to simulate an actual patient/participant
Role-playa	Assuming the part of another during simulation
Scenario-based simulation	A detailed description of a simulation exercise
Mannequins	Life-sized human-like simulators
Synthetic part-task trainer	Part-task trainer consisting of synthetic tissue. A part-task trainer describes a device designed to train just the key elements of the procedure or skill being learned
Laparoscopic bench-trainer	A box (or bench) model used to train laparoscopy35
Animal-based part-task trainer	Part-task trainer consisting of animal tissue
Cadaveric part-task trainer	Part-task trainer consisting of cadaveric tissue
Extended reality	Virtual, augmented or mixed reality36
Virtual patients	A computer program that simulates real-life clinical scenarios in which the learner acts as a health worker
Computer or screen-based simulation	Modelling of real-life processes with inputs and outputs exclusively confined to a computer. Subsets include extended reality and virtual patients
Hybrid simulation	Combining two or more simulation modalities
Telesimulation	Using the internet to link simulators between an instructor and trainee in different locations
Distributed simulation	Transportable, self-contained simulation sets
In-situ simulation	Simulation taking place in the real clinical setting

^aThis review differentiated simulated/standardized participants and role-play by requiring that simulated/standardized participants be trained/actors.