Table 3.
Interrupted Time Series Estimates for Individual Symptom Domains
| Difference in cohort trends (pre) | Difference in cohort trends (post) | Change in uninfected cohort trend (pre-post) | Change in COVID-19 cohort trend (pre-post) | Difference in cohort trends (post) | Immediate impact in uninfected | Immediate impact in COVID-19 | Difference in immediate impact between cohorts | ||
| Walking | Estimate (SE)a | 0.002 (0.0009) | −0.0004 (0.0004) | 0.0016 (0.0009) | −0.0007 (0.0006) | −0.0023 (0.0011) | −0.0043 (0.0144) | −0.008 (0.0092) | −0.0037 (0.0171) |
| p Value | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.03 | 0.77 | 0.38 | 0.83 | |
| Hand function/dexterity | Estimate (SE)a | 0.001 (0.0015) | −0.001 (0.0007) | 0.0028 (0.0013) | 0.001 (0.0010) | −0.0019 (0.0017) | 0.0123 (0.0219) | −0.007 (0.0162) | −0.019 (0.0272) |
| p Value | 0.53 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.35 | 0.25 | 0.57 | 0.66 | 0.48 | |
| Spasticity and stiffness | Estimate (SE)a | 0.001 (0.0014) | −0.0001 (0.0007) | 0.0034 (0.0013) | 0.002 (0.0010) | −0.001 (0.0016) | −0.006 (0.0213) | 0.018 (0.0159) | 0.024 (0.02655) |
| p Value | 0.38 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.39 | 0.79 | 0.25 | 0.37 | |
| Bodily pain | Estimate (SE)a | −0.0002 (0.002) | 0.0004 (0.0008) | −0.0004 (0.0016) | 0.0003 (0.0011) | 0.0007 (0.0019) | −0.0296 (0.0247) | 0.029 (0.0191) | 0.059 (0.03123) |
| p Value | 0.90 | 0.58 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.73 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.06 | |
| Sensory | Estimate (SE)a | −0.001 (0.0016) | −0.0003 (0.0008) | 0.0001 (0.0015) | 0.0011 (0.0011) | 0.001 (0.0018) | 0.004 (0.0253) | −0.006 (0.01756) | −0.009 (0.03078) |
| p Value | 0.45 | 0.72 | 0.93 | 0.32 | 0.60 | 0.89 | 0.74 | 0.76 | |
| Bladder control | Estimate (SE)a | −0.002 (0.0014) | −0.0001 (0.0007) | −0.0004 (0.0012) | 0.0017 (0.0010) | 0.0021 (0.0016) | −0.027 (0.0216) | −0.0001 (0.01512) | 0.027 (0.0264) |
| p Value | 0.11 | 0.88 | 0.76 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 1.00 | 0.31 | |
| Fatigue | Estimate (SE)a | −0.0002 (0.0011) | −0.0004 (0.0005) | 0.0008 (0.0010) | 0.0005 (0.0007) | −0.0002 (0.0012) | −0.011 (0.0171) | 0.012 (0.0107) | 0.023 (0.0202) |
| p Value | 0.85 | 0.40 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.85 | 0.52 | 0.28 | 0.26 | |
| Vision | Estimate (SE)a | 0.002 (0.0025) | 0.001 (0.0011) | 0.003 (0.0022) | 0.002 (0.0017) | −0.001 (0.0027) | −0.062 (0.0371) | −0.005 (0.0251) | 0.057 (0.0448) |
| p Value | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.24 | 0.33 | 0.72 | 0.10 | 0.85 | 0.20 | |
| Dizziness | Estimate (SE)a | −0.0003 (0.0026) | −0.0003 (0.0012) | −0.0019 (0.0023) | −0.0019 (0.0018) | 0.00001 (0.0029) | −0.062 (0.0408) | −0.055 (0.0271) | 0.007 (0.0490) |
| p Value | 0.91 | 0.83 | 0.42 | 0.29 | 1.00 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.88 | |
| Cognitive function | Estimate (SE)a | −0.0002 (0.0016) | −0.001 (0.0008) | 0.002 (0.0014) | 0.002 (0.0011) | −0.001 (0.0018) | −0.012 (0.0234) | −0.015 (0.0171) | −0.003 (0.0290) |
| p Value | 0.91 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.73 | 0.61 | 0.38 | 0.92 | |
| Depression | Estimate (SE)a | 0.0007 (0.0025) | −0.0001 (0.0011) | 0.003 (0.0022) | 0.002 (0.0017) | −0.001 (0.0028) | −0.030 (0.0355) | 0.013 (0.0253) | 0.042 (0.0436) |
| p Value | 0.79 | 0.92 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.78 | 0.40 | 0.61 | 0.33 | |
| Anxiety | Estimate (SE)a | 0.002 (0.0027) | 0.001 (0.0012) | 0.004 (0.0024) | 0.003 (0.0019) | −0.001 (0.0031) | −0.059 (0.0395) | 0.014 (0.0287) | 0.073 (0.0489) |
| p Value | 0.56 | 0.67 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.73 | 0.14 | 0.63 | 0.14 |
a
Estimates were adjusted for age at index, sex, race, education level, disease duration at index, and disease-modifying therapy category.