FIGURE 6.

M2‐TAM‐derived exosomal NEAT1 upregulated galectin‐3 by recruiting KLF5 to promote HCC immune escape. HCC cells were treated with M2‐exos combined with sh‐KLF5 and oe‐Gal‐3 co‐transfection. (A) NEAT1 expression in HCC cells was examined using qRT‐PCR. (B) CCK8 assay was employed to detect HCC cell viability. (C) Cell migration was measured by Transwell assays (Scale bars = 100 μm). (D) Western blot was adopted to detect KLF5 and galectin‐3 protein levels in HCC cells. Isolate CD8⁺ T cells from PBMCs were co‐cultured with the above‐grouped HCC cells. (E) The activation of perforin⁺CD8⁺T cells was measured by flow cytometry. (F) IFNγ level in CD8⁺ T cells was examined using ELISA. (G) CCK8 assay was employed to detect HCC cell viability. The measurement data were presented as mean ± SD. All data was obtained from at least three replicate experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.