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. 2024 Dec 10;11:1469275. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1469275

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Copyright © 2024 Liu, Schaeffel and Feldkaemper.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of different frequencies (A) and wave types (B) on the change of ChT (compared to the respective baseline measurement). All stimulus paradigms resulted in initial choroidal thinning, with some recovery over the 7 days. The high frequency stimulation resulted in an increase in ChT in the 10 Hz fellow eyes on the 6th and 7th day (A). When analyzing the effect of different stimulus patterns, only OFF stimuli increased the ChT, in the fellow and lens treated eyes (B). The asterisks in (A) indicate the level of significance in comparison to the 10-Hz group, while those in (B) indicate the level of significance in comparison to the OFF group. Data were shown as mean ± SEM. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, and ^***p < 0.001.