Table 5.
Impact of formal and informal financial participation on three dimensions of poverty among rural households.
| Variant | Income capability poverty index | Development capability poverty index | Living environment poverty index |
|---|---|---|---|
| Equation 1 | Equation 2 | Equation 3 | |
| Formal financial participation | −0.014*** (0.005) | −0.008*** (0.003) | −0.006*** (0.002) |
| Informal financial participation | −0.013*** (0.004) | 0.006*** (0.002) | −0.004*** (0.001) |
| Control variable | Controlled | Controlled | Controlled |
| Constant term | 0.258*** (0.032) | 0.192*** (0.019) | 0.120*** (0.012) |
| R 2 | 0.116 | 0.113 | 0.065 |
| N | 5,303 | 5,303 | 5,303 |
*** indicates significant at the 1% level; control variables are as in Table 4.