Table 4.
Basic researches on acupuncture regulating other effects of PI in the brain.
| Detecting brain regions | Experimental animals | Therapy | Acupoints | Biochemical measurements | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypothalamus | SD rats | WA | Dinghui, Heyi, Xin | PRELP, NSMF, TMEM41B, MAP1B | (123) |
| SD rats | EA | HT7, SP6 | AMPK↓, Ac-CoA↑, NA+-K+-ATP↑ | (124) | |
| SD rats | EA | BL13, BL15, BL18, BL20, BL23 | TNF-α↑, IL-1β↑ | (92) | |
| SD rats | MA | BL62, KI6 | Per1↑, Per2↑ | (125) | |
| SD rats | MA | GV20, HT7, SP6 | Bmal1↑, Clock↑ | (126) | |
| Wistar rats | MA, EA | GV20, EX-HN1 | Bmal1↑, Clock↑, Per1↑ | (97) | |
| SD rats | MA | BL62, KI6 | Clock↑, Per2↑ | (99) | |
| SD rats | MA | HT7, LR3, BL15, BL18 | P38 MAPK↓ | (127) | |
| Hippocampus, brainstem | SD rats | MA | GV20, HT7, SP6 | Bcl-2↑, Bax↓, Bad↓, Caspase-3↓, TrkB↑, p-TrkB↓, PI3K↑, p-Akt↑ | (112) |
| Hippocampus | SD rats | EA | GV20, HT7, SP6 | PKA-Cβ↑, p-CREB↑, BDNF↑, TrkB↑ | (128) |
| Brain | SD rats | MA | BL15, BL18, BL20, BLl3, BL23 | PI3K↑, Akt | (129) |
| Wistar rats | MA | GV20, PC6, HT7, LR3 | blood oxygen metabolism in the prefrontal and occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex↑ | (130) |
MA, manual acupuncture; WA, warm acupuncture; EA, electroacupuncture; GV20, Baihui; HT7, Shenmen; SP6, Sanyinjiao; BL13, Feihu; BL15, Xinshu; BL18,Ganshu; BL20, Pishu; BL23, Shenshu; BL62, Shenmai; KI6, Zhaohai; EX-HN1, Sishencong; PRELP, prolargin; NSMF, NMDA receptor synaptonuclear-signaling and neuronal migration factor; TMEM41B, transmembrane protein 41B; MAP1B, microtubule-associated protein 1B; PBR, peripheral benzodiazepine receptor; TrkB, tropomysin related kinase B; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Akt, protein kinase B; AMPK, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase; Ac-CoA, acetyl-coenzyme A; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor alpha; IL-1β, interleukin-1beta; Per1, period1; Bmal1, bain and muscle arnt-like protein-1; Clock, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput; PKA-Cβ, catalytic subunit of protein kinase A; p-CREB, phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor.