Table 1.

Ground truth for AI model training

Layer	Staining	Class	Ground truth (included)	Background (excluded)
Tissue	H&E	Liver tissue	Liver tissue	Artifacts, white space outside tissue
Microanatomy	H&E	Portal area Lobular area Central vein	Normal liver microanatomic structures	Artifacts, white space outside tissue
Necroinflammation	H&E	Interface hepatitis Focal necrosis Focal confluent necrosis Perivenular necrosis Bridging necrosis Panacinar necrosis	The regions with chronic hepatitis related injury	Portal area and non-inflamed liver lobule
Portal inflammation	H&E	Mild Moderate Severe	Inflamed portal areas	Non-inflamed portal area and liver lobule
Inflammatory cells	H&E	Lymphocytes Plasma cells Macrophages Neutrophils Eosinophils Acidophil bodies	Immune cells	Other cell types, e.g., hepatocytes, fibroblasts, bile duct epithelium
Bile ducts	H&E	Damaged Normal	Damaged: Ducts with inflammatory infiltrate, dysplasia, disordered epithelium Normal: Uninjured bile duct epithelium	Ductular proliferation, large ducts, other cell types and artifacts
Tissue	Sirius red	Liver tissue	Liver tissue	Artifacts, white space outside tissue
Microanatomy	Sirius red	Portal area Central vein	Normal liver microanatomic structures	Artifacts, white space outside tissue
Fibrosis	Sirius red	Portal fibrosis Perivenular fibrosis Pericellular fibrosis Bridging fibrosis Nodular fibrosis Cirrhosis	Regions with fibrotic changes	Non-fibrotic liver regions

AI, artificial intelligence; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; N/A, not applicable