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. 2024 Dec 23;15:10707. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-55216-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Undamaged gill rakers from planktivorous spring-spawning Baltic herring. b Gill rakers with lesions frequently observed in Slåttersill most likely caused by a fish diet. c Fat content (%) in skeletal muscle from Slåttersill (n = 5 pools of samples representing 96 fish in total) and small, spring-spawning Baltic herring (n = 9 pools of samples representing 170 fish in total). The box-plot shows the median value as the center point, while the box spans the interquartile range (IQR) between Q1 and Q3, with whiskers indicating the maximum spread of data points within 1.5 times the IQR from Q1 and Q3. d Sum of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) measured in picograms of toxic equivalent per gram of wet weight per sample (∑PCDD/F (pg TEQ/g ww)), respectively, sampled from Slåttersill (n = 5 pools of samples representing 96 fish in total) and spring-spawning Baltic herring (n = 9 pools of samples representing 170 fish in total). The box-plot shows the median value as the center point, while the box spans the IQR between Q1 and Q3, with whiskers indicating the maximum spread of data points within 1.5 times the IQR from Q1 and Q3. e A comparison of lifelong otolith strontium:calcium profiles of Slåttersill (blue), autumn-spawning (yellow), and spring-spawning Baltic herring (red) from Gävlebukten with smoothed splines in black. f Stable isotope analysis of the same individuals as in d for carbon-13 to carbon-12 ratio relative to a standard (δ¹³C/‰), and for nitrogen-15 to nitrogen-14 ratio relative to a standard (δ¹⁵N/‰), expressed in parts per thousand. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.