Table 1.

Pretreatment protocol and test groups

	Pretreatment of Ti-base (n = 80)	Pretreatment of PICN crown (n = 80)
Group A (n = 10)	Sandblasting + M-Prime	Disinfection with alcohol
Group B (n = 10)	Sandblasting + M-Prime	Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
Group C (n = 1 0)	Sandblasting + M-Prime	HF + silane (C-Prime)
Group D (n = 10)	Sandblasting + M-Prime	C-Prime
Group AP (n = 10)	Sandblasting + M-Prime	Plasma piezobrush PZ3 (CAP)
Group BP (n = 10)	Sandblasting + M-Prime	HF + CAP
Group CP (n = 10)	Sandblasting + M-Prime	HF + CAP + C-Prime
Group DP (n = 10)	Sandblasting + M-Prime	CAP + C-Prime