TABLE 3.
(A) Compounds | Class | Reaction pathways | Retention time (min) | Fresh grapes | Analytes (ng/g) at temperature (75°C) and drying time (h) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 h | 3 h | 5 h | 7 h | 9 h | 11 h | 13 h | 15 h | ||||||
Hexanal | Aldehyde | LO | 5.72 | nd | 0.21 | 1.08 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Heptanal | Aldehyde | LO, UFAO | 10.314 | nd | 0.98 | 2.01 | 1.02 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Pentanal | Aldehyde | LO | 3.01 | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.89 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Nonanal | Aldehyde | UFAO | 13.99 | 0.43 | 0.53 | 0.78 | 0.54 | 1.23 | 0.45 | 0.25 | 2.13 | 0.56 | 0.89 |
Furan | Furan | MR, CR, AA, LO | 1.56 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 1.59 | 2.03 | 3.72 | 4.92 |
Furfural | Furan | MR, CR | 7.86 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.78 | 1.02 | 4.32 | 5.09 | 6.93 |
Furan 2‐ethyl‐5 methyl | Furan | MR, CR, AA | 10.92 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 1.14 | 3.02 |
Furan 2‐Propyl | Furan | LO, MR | 5.34 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.96 |
3‐Furaldehyde | Furan | MR, CR | 7.34 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.52 | 1.34 | 2.09 |
5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural | Furan | MR, CR of 3‐DG | 15.25 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 4.98 |
1‐pentanone 2‐furanyl | Furan | MR | 10.87 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.34 | 1.02 |
2‐Pentylfuran | Furan | LO, LO and AA interaction | 12.51 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 5.98 |
(B) Compounds | Class | Reaction pathways | Retention time (min) | Fresh grapes | Drying time (h) and temperature (70°C) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hexanal | Aldehyde | LO | 5.72 | nd | 0.21 | 1.08 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Heptanal | Aldehyde | LO, UFAO | 10.314 | nd | 0.98 | 2.01 | 1.02 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Nonanal | Aldehyde | UFAO | 13.99 | 0.43 | 0.53 | 0.56 | 0.34 | 1.01 | 0.45 | 0.25 | 2.21 | nd | nd | nd |
Furan | Furan | MR, CR, AA, LO | 1.56 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 1.06 | 2.34 | 2.04 | 2.28 |
2‐Furancarboxaldehyde (Furfural) | Furan | MR, CR | 7.86 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 1.23 | 2.89 | 4.28 |
Furan 2‐ethyl‐5 methyl | Furan | MR, CR, AA | 10.92 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.14 | 2.12 | 2.32 |
Furan 2‐Propyl | Furan | LO, MR | 5.34 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.69 |
5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural | Furan | MR, CR of 3‐DG | 15.25 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 1.04 | 1.36 |
2‐Pentylfuran | Furan | LO, LO and AA interaction | 12.51 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 1.21 | 3.13 | 3.65 |
(C) Compounds | Class | Reaction pathways | Retention time (min) | Fresh grapes | Drying time (h) and temperature (65°C) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hexanal | Aldehyde | LO | 5.72 | nd | 0.21 | 1.08 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Heptanal | Aldehyde | LO, UFAO | 10.314 | nd | 0.48 | 1.01 | 1.02 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
Nonanal | Aldehyde | UFAO | 13.99 | 0.43 | 0.53 | 0.56 | 1.34 | 1.02 | 0.35 | 1.52 | 3.21 | 2.09 | 1.04 | 0.87 | 0.98 |
Furan | Furan | MR, CR, AA, LO | 1.56 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 1.98 | 0.96 |
2‐Furancarboxaldehyde (Furfural) | Furan | MR, CR | 7.86 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 1.48 | 2.98 |
Furan 2‐ethyl‐5 methyl | Furan | MR, CR, AA | 10.92 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 1.77 |
2‐Pentylfuran | Furan | LO, LO and AA interaction | 12.51 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.45 | 1.38 |
Note: All compounds measured in ng; nd = not detected at limit of detection.
Abbreviations: 3‐DG, 3‐deoxyglucoson; AA, Amino Acid; CR, Ceramelization; LO, Lipid oxidation; MR, Maillard Reaction; UFAO, unsaturated fatty acids oxidation.