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. 2024 Oct 30;12(12):9875–9892. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4519

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

A comprehensive framework model illustrating the association between diets, dietary factors, lung function, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development and progression. Mediterranean diet (MD), High‐protein, Ketogenic, Prudent, and dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet is positively associated with COPD. Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) and Western diet are negatively associated with COPD.