TABLE 3.

The phytochemical composition of thyme and functional properties of the main components in thyme.

Phytochemical composition of thyme	Main Components	Functional properties	Reference
Phenolic acids	Vanillic acid	Preventive effect against Alzheimer's disease, antioxidant, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and immunostimulant properties.	Palmieri et al. (2020)
	Caffeic acid
	Gallic acid
	Syringic acid
	Ferulic acid
	Rosmarinic acid
	p‐OH‐benzoic acid
	Chlorogenic acid
Essential oils	Carvacrol	Treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, symptoms of bronchitis, parasitic infections, and pruritus associated with dermatitis Possess antifungal, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and spasmolytic activity	Vallverdú‐Queralt et al. (2014), Kowalczyk et al. (2020)
	Thymol
	p‐Cymene
	γ‐Terpinene
	Linalool
	β‐Myrcene
	Terpinen‐4‐ol
Flavonoids	Flavononols, Flavanone	Antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, beneficial against chronic diseases in humans	Lorenzo et al. (2019) Palmieri et al. (2020) Mahrye et al. (2021)
	Methyl flavans Methyl flavones
	Flavone glycosides
	Apigenin
	Luteolin
	Quercetin
	Myricetin
	Kaempferol
Biphenyl compounds	4′‐hydroxy‐5,5′‐diisopropyl‐2,2′‐dimethylbiphenyl‐3,4‐dione	Deodorant effect Antioxidant activity	Ladopoulou et al. (2015) Lorenzo et al. (2019)
	5,5′‐diisopropyl‐2,2′‐dimethylbiphenyl‐3,4,3′,4/‐tetraone
	4,4′‐dihydroxy‐5,5′‐diisopropyl‐2,2′‐dimethylbiphenyl‐3,6‐dione
	3,4,3′,4′‐tetrahydroxy‐5,5′‐diisopropyl‐2, 2′‐dimethylbiphenyl
	3,4,4′‐trihydroxy‐5,5′‐diisopropyl‐2,2′‐dimethylbiphenyl