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. 2024 Dec 2;27:100416. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100416

Table 3.

Scoring system used in the systematic literature research for each parameter measured in each experiment.

Effects* Experiments that compared a medicinal plant-based treatment only with an antiparasitic, antibacterial or another treatment as control. Experiments that compared a medicinal plant-based treatment at least with a negative control group (placebo-treatment or no treatment), sometimes, in addition, with an antiparasitic, antibacterial or another treatment as control.
p Positive effect (in case of several dosages of one plant material at least one dosage showed a positive effect, other dosages showed no effect). The medicinal plant-based treatment showed a significant positive effect compared to any control group or no difference compared to the antiparasitic / antibacterial treatment Medicinal plant-based treatment showed a significant positive effect compared to the negative control.
no No significant effect compared to the negative control group There is no significant difference compared to the negative control group or a significant negative difference compared to the antiparasitic / antibacterial treatment control Medicinal plant-based treatment showed no significant difference to the negative control.
n Negative effect (in case of several dosages of one plant material at least one dosage was negative, other dosages showed no effect) Medicinal plant-based treatment showed a significant negative effect compared to the negative control.
na No data available
? In case of experiments with several dosages of one plant material: if at least one dosage showed a positive and another dosage a negative effect compared to negative control group (inconsistent effect).

as this study was not designed as a meta-analysis but more as a qualitative systematic review a detailed prove of the statistical methods was not conducted. Only the results that the authors presented as statistical significant were considered.