Skip to main content
. 2024 Nov 14;14(11):101149. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.101149

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Nimodipine (Nim) ameliorated pseudo-allergic reaction and antigen induced pulmonary inflammation (AIPI) in mice. (A) The effect of Nim on mice paws increasement and exudation induced by compound 48/80 (C48/80). (B) Paw skin in different passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) groups was sliced and stained. The effect of Nim on PCA and mast cells (MCs) activation in vivo were quantified by paws swelling and the proportion of MCs with complete cell membrane structure. (C) The effect of Nim on C48/80 induced hypothermia in mice. (D) The effect of Nim on C48/80 induced histamine (left) and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (right) release in active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) mice serum. (E) Antigen induced pulmonary inflammation (AIPI) was induced by ovalbumin (OVA). Calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CaV1.2, left) and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MrgX2, right) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in AIPI mice. (F) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stainings of lung sections in AIPI mice (left) and the effect of Nim on pulmonary inflammation (right). (G) Airway hyperresponsiveness of mice with different treatments. (H) T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine release and cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of AIPI mice. (I) AIPI mice was induced by house dust mite (HDM). (J) H&E, Masson, and PAS stainings of lung sections in AIPI mice (left) and the effect of Nim on pulmonary inflammation (right). Experiments were repeated three times. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) and were analyzed using two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test or one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001, compared between experiment groups and vehicle; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 and ###P < 0.001, compared between experiment and negative control (NC) groups. SP: substance P; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; CCL-2: C–C motif chemokine ligand 2; MIP2: macrophage inflammatory protein 2; Dex: dexamethasone; Ach: acetylcholine; Rn: Newtonian resistance; G: resistance of the peripheral lung; Rrs: respiratory resistance; Cst: static compliance; IL: interleukin; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline.