Fig. 7.
Natural products target endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) mediated myocardial injury (MI) in atherosclerosis, heat stress, alcoholic cardiomyopathy and weightlessness. GRP78: glucose regulated protein78; IRE1: inositol-requiring enzyme 1; PERK:protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase; ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; AMPK: 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α; ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; PPAR δ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; NO: nitric oxide; CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; NOX2: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH) oxidase 2; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; MCP1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; IL-8: interleukin 8; LC3II: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; Mcl-1: MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member; CaMKII: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; HDAC4: histone deacetylase 4; Bcl-2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator.