Table 1.
Clinical features and cholesterol levels
| Total cohort (n = 288) | HYPO cohort (n = 125) | NORMO cohort (n = 163) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median [IQR]) |
63.0 [56.0, 72.9] |
64.0 [56.4, 73.0] |
63.0 [55.3, 71.0] |
0.534 |
| Sex (n, %) | ||||
| Male | 154 (53%) | 62 (50%) | 92 (56%) | 0.249 |
| Female | ||||
| Race (n, %) | ||||
| Black | 148 (51%) | 62 (50%) | 86 (53%) | 0.862 |
| White | 133 (46%) | 60 (48%) | 73 (45%) | |
| Other | 7 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 4 (2%) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| COPD (n, %) | 54 (19%) | 23 (18%) | 31 (19%) | 0.894 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 113 (39%) | 49 (39%) | 64 (39%) | 0.991 |
| ESRD (n, %) (42 missing) | 29 (10%) | 13 (10%) | 16 (10%) | 0.804 |
| Cancer (n, %) | 22 (8%) | 6 (5%) | 16 (10%) | 0.112 |
| HIV (n, %) | 9 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 6 (4%) | 0.536 |
| Statin use (n, %) | 110 (38%) | 45 (36%) | 65 (40%) | 0.571 |
| Cholesterol levels | ||||
| Total Cholesterol (median [IQR]) (2 missing) | 91.6 [74.0, 122.0] | 78.0 [64.0, 97.3] | 107.0 [87.0, 133.8] | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C (median [IQR]), mg/dL | 26.0 [15.0, 38.0] | 18.0 [10.0, 30.9] | 32.0 [20.0, 42.5] | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C (median [IQR]) (7 missing), mg/dL | 40.4 [26.0, 61.0] | 29.0 [19.5, 42.0] | 48.5 [34.1, 71.0] | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides (median [IQR]) (2 missing), mg/dL | 114.0 [79.3, 153.0] | 122.5 [84.3, 161.5] | 108.5 [75.4, 145.8] | 0.100 |
| Severity, outcomes and clinical management | ||||
| SOFA Score (median [IQR]) | 7.0 [4.0, 10.0] | 9.0 [7.0, 11.0] | 5.0 [4.0, 7.5] | < 0.001 |
| Vasopressor Use (n, %) | 140 (49%) | 84 (67%) | 56 (34%) | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical Ventilation (n, %) | 104 (36%) | 51 (41%) | 53 (33%) | 0.147 |
| ICU LOS (median [IQR]) (3 missing) | 4.0 [1.0, 7.0] | 4.0 [2.0, 8.3] | 3.0 [0.0, 6.0] | 0.001 |
| 28-Day Mortality (n, %) (1 missing) | 64 (22%) | 38 (30%) | 26 (16%) | 0.004 |
| Outcome (n, %) | ||||
| Chronic Critical Illness | 51 (18%) | 25 (20%) | 26 (16%) | 0.019 |
| Early Death | 35 (12%) | 22 (18%) | 13 (8%) | |
| Rapid Recovery | 202 (70%) | 78 (62%) | 124 (76%) | |
Comparison of clinical features including demographics, cholesterol levels, disease severity, and outcomes by HYPO vs. NORMO phenotypes. Rapid recovery was defined as clinical improvement and hospital discharge within 14 days, early death as in-hospital death within 14 days, and chronic critical illness (CCI) as intensive care unit stay of at least 14 days with organ dysfunction. HYPO = Hypolipoprotein; NORMO = Normolipoprotein; COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; ESRD = End Stage Renal Disease; HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus; IQR = Interquartile Range; HDL = High Density Lipoprotein; LDL = low density lipoprotein; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; ICU LOS = Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay