Table 1.

Intrapartum childbirth empowering educational intervention in women with fetal occiput posterior or occiput transverse position during vaginal delivery

Steps	Intrapartum intervention modules
	Knowledge of labor and head dystocia	Understanding of head dystocia	Self-management skills	Delivery decision
Problem establishment	Establish questions with open questions, such as: Do you know anything about childbirth?	Use open questions to guide pregnant women to realize issues, such as: Do you know how you are doing now? What are you most worried about right now?	Use open questions to establish questions, such as: Do you know how to change the position? Do you know how to adjust your mood?	Guide pregnant women to establish problems with open questions, such as: Based on what I have explained to you, how do you like to do now?
Emotion expression	Encourage pregnant women to express their true feelings and listen to their doubts and fears.	Pregnant women are encouraged to express their anxiety and confusion	Encourage pregnant women to express feelings, such as uncertainty and loss of control	Pregnant women are encouraged to express their opinions
Goal setting	Set goals with pregnant women to understand the delivery and head dystocia	Guide pregnant women to set goals and improve their self-awareness	Work with pregnant women to set goals, master posture management, and adjust emotions	Guide pregnant women to set goals and make decisions according to individual conditions
Plan development and action	Work with pregnant women to develop a plan to understand childbirth and head dystocia and provide professional knowledge support, such as sending education manuals and verbal and electronic education information. Inform pregnant women of the possible results and influencing factors of head dystocia, characteristics of labor, and possible duration and coordination skills.	Inform the pregnant woman of the current labor process and conditions, such as cervix dilation, amniotic fluid, and fetal heart rate. Give professional advice, including the advantages of vaginal birth, solving problems through position management and emotional adjustment, introducing possible difficulties in self-management, and encouraging family members to study together.	Through one-to-one demonstration, guide pregnant women to implement posture management methods, such as posture points and duration, breathing, touching, and musical analgesia	Make nursing plans together with pregnant women and their families. Inform the options and encourage pregnant women to make choices, such as position and delivery mode. Give them time to make choices. Provide professional advice for their choice. Respect the needs and choices of pregnant women.
Result evaluations	Pregnant women can master the relevant knowledge.	Pregnant women can correctly understand head dystocia and feel the support of medical staff and their families.	Pregnant women can actively implement body position management and adjust their emotions.	Pregnant women can actively participate in delivery decision-making.