Table 2.
Comparisons of demographic characteristics among different groups of insomnia symptoms
| Variables | Changes in insomnia symptoms, n (%) | χ² | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance (n = 23,874) |
Remission (n = 1,915) |
New-onset (n = 1,722) |
Persistence (n = 887) |
|||
| Sex | 121.89 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Male | 12,904 (86.1) | 895 (6.0) | 834 (5.6) | 348 (2.3) | ||
| Female | 10,970 (81.8) | 1,020 (7.6) | 888 (6.6) | 539 (4.0) | ||
| Grade [age, years] | 76.07 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Grade 5 [11.1 ± 0.6] | 9,024 (85.6) | 638 (6.0) | 621 (5.9) | 262 (2.5) | ||
| Grade 6 [12.1 ± 0.6] | 5,075 (84.7) | 430 (7.2) | 316 (5.3) | 170 (2.8) | ||
| Grade 7 [13.0 ± 0.6] | 5,815 (82.7) | 482 (6.9) | 485 (6.9) | 248 (3.5) | ||
| Grade 8 [14.0 ± 0.6] | 3,960 (81.9) | 365 (7.6) | 300 (6.2) | 207 (4.3) | ||
| School types | 3.45 | 0.328 | ||||
| Public school | 11,659 (83.7) | 969 (6.9) | 858 (6.2) | 448 (3.2) | ||
| Private school | 12,215 (84.5) | 946 (6.5) | 864 (6.0) | 439 (3.0) | ||
| Boarding at school | 48.09 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 22,031 (84.5) | 1,689 (6.5) | 1,567 (6.0) | 794 (3.0) | ||
| Yes | 1,843 (79.5) | 226 (9.8) | 155 (6.7) | 93 (4.0) | ||
| Number of siblings | 8.96 | 0.030 | ||||
| More than one | 19,083 (83.9) | 1,579 (6.9) | 1,372 (6.0) | 726 (3.2) | ||
| One | 4,791 (85.0) | 336 (6.0) | 350 (6.2) | 161 (2.8) | ||
| Parental marital status | 48.47 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Married | 22,812 (84.3) | 1,806 (6.7) | 1,622 (6.0) | 807 (3.0) | ||
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 1,062 (78.6) | 109 (8.1) | 100 (7.4) | 80 (5.9) | ||
| Family income (monthly) | 59.46 | < 0.001 | ||||
| < ¥ 12,000 | 10,634 (85.0) | 775 (6.2) | 750 (6.0) | 347 (2.8) | ||
| ¥ 12,000- ¥ 30,000 | 6,256 (84.3) | 472 (6.4) | 478 (6.4) | 217 (2.9) | ||
| > ¥ 30,000 | 1,972 (84.2) | 170 (7.3) | 130 (5.5) | 70 (3.0) | ||
| Unknown | 5,012 (81.8) | 498 (8.1) | 364 (6.0) | 253 (4.1) | ||
| Chronic somatic diseases | 78.50 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 23,126 (84.4) | 1,812 (6.6) | 1,658 (6.0) | 818 (3.0) | ||
| Yes | 748 (76.0) | 103 (10.5) | 64 (6.5) | 69 (7.0) | ||
| Family history of mental illness | 36.60 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 23,682 (84.2) | 1,875 (6.7) | 1,700 (6.0) | 874 (3.1) | ||
| Yes | 192 (71.9) | 40 (15.0) | 22 (8.2) | 13 (4.9) | ||
| Anxiety and depressive symptoms | 3425.36 | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 22,869 (87.3) | 1,335 (5.1) | 1,488 (5.7) | 503 (1.9) | ||
| Yes | 1,005 (45.6) | 580 (26.3) | 234 (10.6) | 384 (17.5) | ||